The Pros And Cons Of Anchoring At A Dock

Docking, anchoring, and mooring are three different ways of securing a boat. Docking involves tying a vessel to a shore-side facility, usually to procure supplies, fuel, and maintenance. Anchoring is when a vessel attaches itself to the seafloor using an anchor and rope or chain. Mooring is similar to anchoring but uses permanent fixtures made from ropes, buoys, chains, and anchors set up by professionals or local governments. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and boaters must choose the most suitable option depending on their specific needs and circumstances.

Anchoring vs Docking

Anchoring and docking are two different ways of securing a boat. They are both essential nautical skills to learn for stopping your boat, whether you are preparing for an overnight stay at sea, waiting for a storm to pass, or retiring the boat for the season.

Anchoring

Anchoring is the process of dropping a large, heavy object (the anchor) into the water, where it attaches to the seafloor with hooks and suction to keep the vessel in place. The anchor is attached to the boat by a rope or chain. This method is often used when boaters do not want to move around much and want to stay away from the shore for an extended period. The length of stay is more flexible with anchoring, making it ideal for short overnight stays. It is also suitable for those seeking a more open spot away from other vessels. Depending on the size of the anchor and vessel, multiple anchors may be required to prevent dragging due to waves or wind shifts.

Docking

Docking is used when a vessel needs to approach a designated area to tie up or berth at a shore-side facility. This is typically done when supplies, fuel, and maintenance are required. When docking, boats are secured to the shore using tow lines. This usually involves using two fore-and-aft spring lines, two bow lines, and two stern lines to keep the vessel away from the dock. Docking provides more security compared to anchoring due to its closeness to the shore. It is also an effortless way to keep the boat safely in place and avoid damage from high winds or storms. Docking allows for easy access to shore and services that cannot be easily found at sea.

In summary, anchoring is suitable for boaters seeking a more open and flexible spot away from the shore, while docking is ideal for those needing access to shore facilities and services. Both methods require different techniques and considerations, but they are essential skills for any boater to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience on the water.

When to anchor

Anchoring is a method used to secure a boat when it is necessary to remain in the same spot for an extended period. It involves dropping a heavy object—the anchor—into the water, where it attaches to the seafloor with hooks and suction to keep the boat in place.

So, when should you anchor?

Firstly, anchoring is ideal if you want to remain in the same spot for a while. Boaters typically use anchoring when they do not want to move around much and when they want to be away from the shore for a long time. It is a good option for those seeking a more open spot away from other vessels, and it allows for more flexibility in terms of the length of stay, making it ideal for short overnight stays.

Secondly, anchoring is a good option if you are in an area with fluctuating water levels, heavy winds, or large wave loads. In such conditions, anchoring can help to maintain the durability of the boat and dock.

Thirdly, anchoring is necessary if you are docking a floating dock. This is to prevent the floating dock from drifting away and causing potential damage to your watercraft.

Finally, anchoring is a good option if you are preparing for an overnight stay at sea, waiting for a storm to pass, stopping to cast a line, taking a swimming break, or retiring the boat for the season.

It is important to note that anchoring requires careful consideration and reliable knowledge about the area. It is essential to choose a safe spot that is not too deep or shallow and to avoid wildlife habitats, rock formations, or coral reefs. Additionally, wearing protective gear, such as a life jacket, is crucial when anchoring a boat.

How to anchor

Anchoring a boat requires careful consideration and reliable knowledge about the area. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to anchor a boat:

Find a Safe Spot

Before dropping an anchor, find a safe spot to anchor your boat, being aware of local regulations and water depth. Consider weather, wind, and tides, and make sure you're not in a heavy traffic location. Many cities have boat etiquette rules that dictate where boats can and can't drop anchor.

Position the Boat

Position your boat with the bow facing into the wind. Once you’ve lowered the anchor and let out the appropriate amount of chain, the wind will help blow your boat away from the original drop site. The movement will cause the anchor to root into the seabed.

Unhook Anchor Locks

Unhook anchor locks and lower the anchor into the water, tracking the amount of chain you’re letting out. Most chains will have markings every 5 to 10 feet.

Monitor the Chain

Monitor the chain to ensure it remains pointing straight down. If it’s pulling in a different direction, reposition your boat. Once you’ve released your desired amount of scope, the anchor should set itself. You might drag a bit at first, usually for a minute or so. You may need to reverse gently to help the anchor set if there’s no wind.

Tie the Anchor Off

Once you’ve confirmed that you’re not dragging, tie the anchor off or use the locking mechanism on your windlass, and engage your anchor monitoring system.

Let Out the Scope

Calculate your scope—the amount of rode or chains you will release from the attached anchor. Different boats or weather circumstances may require an extra length, so familiarize yourself with the area and your boat’s requirements before letting out the scope.

Check for Stability

Ensure the line is not dragging and the anchor is stable and secure. Adjust for fluctuating water levels by checking that the chains have sufficient slack to accommodate changing water levels without causing excessive tension.

Types of anchors

There are several types of anchors available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the boat and underwater terrain. Here are some of the most common types of anchors:

Fluke Anchor

Also known as the Danforth or Lightweight Anchor, this style is a good choice for smaller boats as it is light, easy to handle and has a superior weight-to-power ratio. It folds flat for easy storage and performs well in muddy or sandy ocean floors, but struggles in deep mud or grassy bottoms.

Plow Anchor

The Plow Anchor is a mighty and stable option, providing strong anchorage for boats traversing sandy, muddy or weedy bottoms. It is a little more cumbersome than the Fluke Anchor but is self-correcting and can reset itself if the boat position changes. It is a good choice for boats with a bow roller.

Mushroom Anchor

Mushroom anchors are perfect for softer, muddier ground conditions as they can dig deep into the ocean floor, providing exceptional stability even in extremely soft conditions. They are used for moorings or securing buoys and are also suitable for small boats and personal watercraft.

Grapnel Anchor

The Grapnel Anchor is designed for rocky or coral-rich seabeds, providing secure anchorage in dangerous waters filled with obstacles. Its unique design allows it to anchor onto rocky seabeds, keeping your boat in place while exploring.

Claw Anchor

The Claw Anchor is a versatile anchor that can adapt to all types of terrain and withstand various obstacles. It is quick to reset if the wind changes and can hold in rocky bottoms if it gets a good grip. However, it may struggle on very hard bottoms or in thick vegetation.

Delta Anchor

The Delta Anchor is known for its high holding power and self-righting design, allowing for quick penetration into firm seabeds such as hard sand. It is particularly beneficial for medium to large boats that require a steadfast anchor in various weather conditions.

Rocna Anchor

The Rocna Anchor is a modern masterpiece, featuring a distinctive roll-bar design that ensures optimal setting and holding across a wide range of seabed types. It is self-righting and provides unmatched holding power, making it suitable for boats of any size seeking maximum security.

Docking techniques

Docking a boat can be intimidating and stressful, especially for beginners. However, with a few simple steps, anyone can master the task. Here are some docking techniques to help you dock like a pro:

Prepare Your Boat:

Before heading out, ensure your boat is ready for docking. Prepare your dock lines on the bow and stern, and attach fenders. It is also important to understand your boat—its depth, shape, and how it moves in different weather patterns and environments. Knowing these will help you expertly maneuver through the wind and current.

Approach the Dock:

When approaching the dock, reduce your speed and put your boat in reverse as you get close. Never approach a dock faster than you would be willing to hit it. Use short bursts of power to navigate through the wind and current. Look for nearby flags to gauge the wind direction, and if possible, choose the side of the dock the wind is blowing towards, as it will help push your boat towards the dock. Approach the dock at a forty-five-degree angle to make it easier to aim for a specific spot.

Docking Maneuvers:

Once you're about 100 feet out, turn the controls away from the dock and swing your backend towards it. Switch to neutral, using the boat's momentum to push along the dock. Then, turn the wheel towards the pier, allowing the backend to gently touch the dock without excess force. Keep your fenders ready, usually hovering right above the waterline, and ensure your docking lines are prepared to tie off as soon as you're close to the dock.

Tie Off:

When tying off your boat, look for cleats, posts, or pilings on the dock. Cleats are small, T-shaped equipment, usually made of steel or metal, while pilings are large wooden posts found on piers or along the dock. It is generally easier to tie off your boat to cleats than pilings. Use common knots like the cleat hitch, clove hitch, or bowline knot to secure your lines.

Practice Makes Perfect:

Docking a boat becomes second nature with practice. Get out and practice steering your boat in different weather conditions, and familiarize yourself with your marina. Remember, it is crucial to be slow and in control during docking—that's how the pros do it!

Frequently asked questions