Fender Placement: When To Protect Your Boat

Boat fenders, also known as marine fenders or bumpers, are essential accessories designed to protect a boat's hull from damage when docking alongside piers, wharves, and other boats. They act as a cushion that absorbs shock and prevents scratches, dents, or structural damage. Fenders are typically hung or attached to the side of the boat and play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and appearance of a boat's exterior. This helps extend its lifespan and preserve its value. Fenders are usually deployed when mooring next to another boat, when attaching to high walls or piles, in choppy water conditions, and during storage.

Docking

• Choose the right type and size of fenders: The type and size of fenders you need depend on the size and type of your boat. As a general rule, smaller boats require smaller fenders, while larger boats need larger fenders. Consider the dimensions of your boat, including its length, weight, and beam width. Additionally, take into account the docking conditions you typically encounter, such as big waves, tides, or rough waters.
• Determine the correct placement and height of fenders: Place the fenders along the widest part of the hull, as this will most likely be the first point of contact when docking. If you are docking with only your bow next to a jetty, place most of your fenders there. When backing into a slip, you may need a fender to avoid hitting the transom on the dock. Adjust the height of the fenders based on the type of dock (floating or fixed) and the tidal changes. They should be positioned just above the waterline to protect against dock and boat contact.
• Use the appropriate number of fenders: The number of fenders you need depends on the length of your boat and your specific docking situation. As a general rule, use a minimum of three fenders and ensure there is at least one fender per 10 feet of waterline. For boats under 40 feet, use at least three fenders; for boats around 40 feet, use at least four fenders; and for boats around 60 feet, use at least six fenders.
• Securely attach the fenders to your boat: Use ropes, straps, or fender lines to secure the fenders to your boat. Tie the lines to sturdy fixtures like cleats or rails. Ensure the knots are tight and secure. You can use different types of knots, such as the clove hitch, bowline, or figure-eight knot, depending on the specific attachment point.
• Adjust the height of the fenders as needed: Keep in mind that the height of the fenders may need to be adjusted based on the docking conditions. In fixed docks, the height may be too high or too low, posing a danger to your boat. With floating docks, you can tie the fenders just above the waterline. Take your time to assess the situation and make adjustments as necessary.
• Consider using additional protection: In windy conditions or rough waters, it is advisable to use extra fenders or specialised types, such as pontoon fenders, for added security. This will provide enhanced protection for your boat.
• Regularly inspect and adjust the fenders: During the docking process or when moored for extended periods, regularly check the fenders and adjust them as needed. Ensure they are positioned correctly and providing maximum protection.
• Follow best practices for fender usage: Properly inflate your fenders to the recommended pressure. Avoid over-inflation, as it can make the fenders less effective and more prone to bursting. Under-inflation can also lead to inadequate protection. Regularly clean your fenders to prevent dirt and debris from transferring to your boat's finish. Periodically inspect the fenders for wear and tear, and replace them if necessary. When not in use, store the fenders in a dry, cool place away from direct sunlight to maintain their condition.

Tying alongside another boat

When tying your boat alongside another boat, it is important to have fenders in place to prevent damage to both vessels. Fenders, also known as "boat bumpers", act as a cushion between your boat and another boat, dock, or jetty. They are designed to prevent damage to paint, varnish, gunwales, and hulls.

• Ensure you have the correct number and size of fenders: As a general rule, it is recommended to have a minimum of three fenders for adequate protection. The size of the fenders should correspond to the size of your boat; the larger the boat, the larger the fenders.
• Place the fenders along the widest part of the hull: This is typically the section of the boat that will make contact with another vessel during docking.
• Orient the fenders vertically: When tying up alongside another boat, it is best to position the fenders vertically.
• Choose a sturdy and low point of attachment: Look for something solid and low on the boat to tie your fenders to, such as a cleat, a lifeline stanchion, or a padeye. This will help keep the fenders steady and prevent them from swinging.
• Adjust the height of the fenders: Stand on the boat and adjust the fender heights accordingly. Position yourself next to the other boat to determine the optimal height for the fenders.
• Use appropriate knots to secure the fenders: You can use a clove hitch knot or a half hitch knot to securely tie the fenders to the boat. The clove hitch knot is particularly useful as it allows for easy adjustment of the fender length.
• Consider using a fender board: If there are large spaces between the boats, you may want to use a fender board. It connects to two fenders, creating a barrier and providing additional protection.
• Be cautious when deploying a "roving fender": A "roving fender" is an extra fender that is not tied down but can be placed wherever needed at the last minute. While useful, always exercise caution when using one to avoid injury.
• Remove fenders when underway: Once you are ready to set sail, remember to remove and stow your fenders. Leaving them out while sailing can make you the butt of jokes among experienced boaters and may even pose a safety risk.

Mooring against high walls or piles

Mooring a boat against high walls or piles can be challenging, but with the right techniques and equipment, it can be done safely and effectively. Here are some detailed instructions and considerations for mooring against high walls or piles:

• Fender selection and placement: Choose fenders that are suitable for the height and type of wall or piles. Consider using large, ball-shaped fenders or cylindrical, elongated fenders that cover a significant portion of the boat's side. Place the fenders at the appropriate height to protect the boat from the wall or piles.
• Horizontal fenders: Horizontal fenders can be useful when dealing with walls or piles. They help to bridge the gap between multiple fenders and protect the fenders themselves from the wall or pile surfaces.
• Fender boards: Fender boards are essential when mooring against walls or piles, especially those with rough surfaces or protrusions. They provide a larger surface area to distribute the pressure and protect your boat.
• Tidal considerations: If there is a significant tidal range, adjust your fender placement accordingly. Use long bow, stern, and spring lines to accommodate the rising and falling tides. Consider using weights or a "handy billy" system to manage the lines and prevent excessive movement.
• Crew coordination: Ensure you have a crew member ready to assist with horizontal fenders and tying off lines. Getting alongside a high wall or pile is often a two-stage process: first, get safely tied up alongside a ladder with short lines, then adjust the boat's position and set up fender boards.
• Protection from damage: Pay close attention to protecting your boat from potential damage. Avoid protrusions like ladders or piles, and use proper fendering techniques to prevent scratches or dents.
• Exit strategy: Consider your exit strategy before mooring. If the tide is up against the wall or piles, you may need to wait for slack water or for the tide to turn. Have a plan for safely releasing your lines and manoeuvring away from the wall or piles.

Choppy conditions

Boat fenders are essential for protecting your vessel from damage when docking alongside piers, wharves, and other boats. They act as a cushion that absorbs shock and prevents scratches, dents, or structural damage.

In rough waters, where your boat is likely to sway and bump more aggressively against docks or other boats, having fenders mounted can prevent significant damage. Fenders are your boat's best friend! Without them, the dock will always win when the two come into contact. Your boat will look battered in no time.

When the waters are rough, it is recommended to use a fender board as an alternative to horizontal placement to better protect your boat. A fender board goes over two fenders and prevents them from slipping between the pilings, which could otherwise result in your topsides rubbing against the dock.

The number of fenders you need depends on the length of your boat, the conditions you typically dock in, and how well you want your vessel to be protected. As a general rule, consider having at least one fender for every 10 feet of boat length. For example, a 20-foot boat should have at least two fenders, whereas a 40-foot boat would benefit from four.

When deploying fenders in choppy conditions, it is important to select the right size and type of fender, position them correctly, and adjust their height based on tidal changes and the type of dock (floating or fixed). They should be positioned high enough to protect against the dock yet low enough not to cover any openings or interfere with docking.

It is also good practice to use additional protection in windy conditions or rough waters. This could include extra fenders or specialised types like pontoon fenders.

Best Practices for Fender Usage

• Proper Inflation: Over-inflated fenders are less effective at absorbing impacts and more likely to burst. Under-inflated fenders, meanwhile, fail to provide adequate protection.
• Regular Cleaning: Keep fenders clean to avoid transferring dirt or debris onto your boat’s finish. Wash them regularly with soap and water.
• Inspection and Replacement: Check fenders periodically for wear and tear. If a fender becomes severely damaged, replace it immediately to ensure continuous protection.
• Correct Storage: When not in use, store fenders in a dry, cool place away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.

During storage

If your boat has limited storage space, you can deflate inflatable fenders and store them in a locker or shelf. Larger boats often have dedicated fender lockers within the transom, under the cockpit seating, or in the cockpit sole. Storing fenders in these lockers keeps them out of the way, protected, and readily accessible when needed.

It is important to keep fenders clean and free of dirt, grime, and oil products, as these contaminants can damage the hull's finish if left on the fenders. Fender covers can help keep them clean and are typically made from polyester, fleece, or a poly-cotton blend fabric. When storing fenders, ensure they are dry and consider using covers to protect them from dirt and sunlight.

Additionally, it is recommended to regularly rinse fender ropes with fresh water and soap and store them in a dry, ventilated area to prolong their lifespan.

Frequently asked questions