Best Refrigerators For Deck Boats: Compact Cooling Solutions

When it comes to choosing a refrigerator for your deck boat, there are a few factors to consider. Firstly, the type of boating you plan to do will dictate the type of refrigeration you need. If you're only taking your boat out for short trips, an ice chest or cooler might be sufficient, but if you're planning longer trips or living on your boat, a more conventional refrigerator is a better option. The size of your boat, the climate you'll be boating in, the amount of space available, and the type of power source are all important considerations.

There are several types of marine refrigerators available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Compact built-in marine refrigerators are designed to optimise space, while drawer-style refrigerators offer convenient access to stored items. Freezerless refrigerators are ideal if you require more refrigeration space, and portable refrigerators provide flexibility and can be taken ashore. Dual voltage marine refrigerators can operate on both AC and DC power sources, making them suitable for use both on the boat and when connected to shore power.

When choosing a marine refrigerator, it's important to consider energy efficiency, cooling performance, storage capacity, durability, noise level, and power source compatibility. Marine refrigerators are designed to withstand the unique challenges of the marine environment, including vibration resistance and power efficiency, so while it is possible to use a regular household refrigerator on a boat, a marine refrigerator is generally better suited.

Marine vs. household refrigerators

Marine refrigerators are designed specifically for use on boats and yachts, and they offer several advantages over standard household refrigerators.

Size and Design

Marine refrigerators are typically more compact and designed to fit into limited spaces on boats. They may have front-opening or top-loading designs to maximize space efficiency. Household refrigerators, on the other hand, are generally larger and may not fit as easily into the confined spaces on boats.

Power Source

Marine refrigerators can run on various power sources, including 12V or 24V DC systems (from the boat's battery) or 110V/220V AC systems (from shore power or a generator). Some models also have dual voltage capabilities, allowing them to switch between different power sources as needed. Household refrigerators usually run on a single power source, typically AC power from a standard electrical outlet.

Energy Efficiency

Marine refrigerators are designed to be energy-efficient since boats often have limited battery capacity. They often feature well-insulated compartments and efficient cooling systems like the Danfoss compressor. Household refrigerators may not prioritize energy efficiency to the same degree, as they are typically plugged into a constant power source.

Vibration and Corrosion Resistance

Marine refrigerators are built to withstand constant movement, vibrations, and the corrosive effects of the saltwater environment. They often use stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials in their construction. Household refrigerators may not have the same level of vibration and corrosion resistance, making them less durable in marine environments.

Secure Closures

Marine refrigerators have secure latches or locking mechanisms to prevent doors from accidentally opening when the boat is rocking or in rough seas. This feature ensures that items inside remain secure and helps maintain the internal temperature. Household refrigerators may not have the same level of secure closures, making them more susceptible to accidental openings.

Cooling Method

Marine refrigerators typically use either absorption or compressor-based cooling systems. Compressor refrigerators are more energy-efficient and provide better cooling performance, while absorption refrigerators are silent and require no moving parts. Household refrigerators may use different cooling systems, and their efficiency and performance may vary.

In summary, marine refrigerators are designed to meet the specific challenges of the marine environment, including space constraints, power limitations, and the need for durability and efficient cooling. While it is possible to use a household refrigerator on a boat, a marine refrigerator is generally a better choice due to its specialized features and construction.

Powering a marine refrigerator

There are three options for powering a marine refrigerator:

AC Units

These are powered by a shore power connection or a generator. This is a good option if you spend a lot of time at the dock or have an onboard generator. They are relatively inexpensive, dependable, and easy to install.

DC Units

These run off a boat's battery bank. Most 12v DC units have an air-cooled condenser, but a water-cooled condenser is preferable, especially in warmer climates, as it is more efficient and can be installed almost anywhere.

Engine-driven Units

These have a compressor powered by a belt running from the engine. Engine-driven systems with holding plates are the most powerful option and are ideal for those wanting deep freezes and lots of ice. The compressor typically runs only once or twice a day for short periods, assuming the box is adequately insulated.

Other Considerations:

• A dedicated battery bank for your refrigeration unit is recommended, but remember that you still need to run your engine, generator, or have a wind generator or solar panel to recharge the battery.
• Dual-voltage units automatically switch from AC to DC when the AC power source is shut off, increasing your options.
• If you are converting an existing icebox, pay special attention to insulation. Increasing insulation from 2 to 6 inches can cut heat loss through leakage in half.
• Portable units are a popular alternative for boats without space for a permanent installation, but they don't cool as well.

Power Consumption:

The power consumption of a marine refrigerator will depend on various factors, including the type and amount of insulation, direct sunlight exposure, ventilation of the compressor, selected temperature, how full the unit is, and how often the door is opened.

Devices can be used to determine power consumption, but they may only be available for 120v AC models. Minimizing power consumption can be achieved by limiting the time the door is opened and pre-chilling food before placing it in the refrigerator.

Examples of Power Consumption:

• An Isotherm Cruise 130 refrigerator can draw between 0.6 and 2.5 amps per hour, which equates to around 24 amps per day.
• An Isotherm refrigerator in Belize in July with inadequate insulation drew between 35 and 60 amp-hours per day.
• A Tollycraft Pilothouse 61’ boat with a freezer and fridge drawing a combined amperage of well over 10 amps was able to fully charge its batteries most days with 4x185 watt 36v panels and an MPPT controller.

Tips to Optimize Power Consumption:

• Ensure good ventilation where the heat exchanger and compressor are installed.
• Add insulation if possible, especially if your installation is already tight.
• Check the voltage of the power feed for the fridge, as corroded or undersized wiring can decrease efficiency and increase power consumption.
• A battery monitor can help you see the actual drain you're experiencing and the amperage drawn by the fridge alone.

Types of marine refrigeration units

Marine refrigeration is an important component of any boat, ensuring that food and other supplies remain fresh and safe while at sea. There are a variety of marine refrigerators on the market, each with unique features and benefits.

Self-Contained Units:

These are the easiest to install and are ideal for small boats as they take up minimal space. They are typically powered by 12V or 24V DC and use thermoelectric cooling technology to maintain temperatures between 0°C and 10°C. Self-contained units are also known as all-in-one or split systems, with the compressor usually sitting on a metal tray outside the insulated cabinet. The simple installation of only two major components (compressor and evaporator) makes these units very popular, and they have improved significantly in recent years.

Thermoelectric Units:

Thermoelectric refrigeration is unique as it does not use any refrigerant. Instead, it runs on 12v DC power and utilizes the Peltier effect. These units are noiseless, highly durable, and have almost zero maintenance requirements. However, they are less efficient than other types and are not suitable for use in tropical areas or hot climates due to their limited cooling capacity.

Holding Plate Systems:

Holding plate systems are the most common type of marine refrigeration, often used for larger vessels and extended trips. They use a large evaporator plate to store cold air, which is then circulated throughout the boat using fans to maintain consistent temperatures. This method requires more space but is well-suited for warmer climates and longer voyages. Holding plate systems are the most efficient type of marine refrigeration, using chemical-based cooling systems powered by 230V/50Hz AC power. They are more expensive and require a more complex installation process than the other types of units.

When choosing a marine refrigeration unit, it is important to consider the size of your vessel, its intended use, and the climate in which it will operate. Regular maintenance and following manufacturer instructions are also crucial for the safe and efficient operation of these systems.

Pros and cons of ice chests vs. refrigerators

When it comes to keeping your food and drinks cold on a boat, you have two main options: an ice chest or a refrigerator. Both have their pros and cons, and the right choice for you will depend on your specific needs and circumstances.

Ice Chests

Ice chests, also known as coolers, are a simple and inexpensive option for keeping your food and drinks cold. They don't require any power source, making them ideal for short trips or areas without access to electricity. Ice chests are also highly portable and can be easily moved from one place to another. Additionally, modern ice chests are well-insulated and can keep ice frozen for several days, even in hot weather.

However, one of the main drawbacks of ice chests is that they require ice to keep items cold, which can take up valuable space and cause items to become wet or soggy. They also require regular maintenance, such as draining melted ice and refilling with fresh ice, which can be inconvenient and time-consuming.

Refrigerators

Boat refrigerators, on the other hand, offer a more permanent and convenient solution for keeping items cold. They come in a variety of sizes and styles, including portable, built-in, and drawer-style options. Refrigerators can be powered by shore power, a generator, or the boat's battery bank, making them suitable for a range of boating situations.

One of the main advantages of refrigerators is that they provide consistent cooling without the need for ice. This means no more soggy food or wasting space with bulky ice packs. Refrigerators also offer greater temperature control, allowing you to store a wider range of items, from perishables to ice cream.

However, boat refrigerators can be more expensive to purchase and install, and they require a reliable power source. They can also be more complex to maintain and repair, and they may not be as efficient as ice chests in terms of power consumption.

In summary, ice chests are a simple, inexpensive, and low-maintenance option, while refrigerators offer greater convenience, temperature control, and storage flexibility but come with higher costs and more complex installation and maintenance requirements. The right choice for your deck boat will depend on your specific needs, budget, and boating habits.

How to determine the right size of a marine refrigerator

When it comes to choosing the right size for a marine refrigerator, several key factors come into play. Here are some detailed guidelines to help you determine the perfect fit for your deck boat:

Space and Size:

Firstly, you need to measure the available space on your boat. This includes taking into account the depth, width, and height of the intended area for the refrigerator, as well as any ventilation requirements. Remember to leave some breathing room for proper ventilation and ensure there's enough clearance for the refrigerator doors to fully open.

Power Source:

Consider the power system of your boat, which is typically either a 12V/24V DC or 110V/220V AC setup. Choose a marine refrigerator that aligns with your boat's power system, or opt for a dual voltage refrigerator that can switch between different power sources as needed. This is especially useful if you spend time both at the dock and cruising.

Energy Efficiency:

Since boats often have limited battery capacity, energy efficiency is crucial. Look for marine refrigerators with efficient cooling systems and good insulation. This will help prolong battery life and ensure your refrigerator can run for extended periods without draining your power source.

Design and Capacity:

Marine refrigerators come in various designs, including front-opening or top-loading models. Consider your personal preference and space constraints when making a choice. Additionally, think about the capacity you require. If you plan to store a lot of perishables and beverages, opt for a larger capacity refrigerator.

Material and Construction:

The harsh marine environment can take a toll on appliances, so it's essential to choose a marine refrigerator made with corrosion-resistant materials. Stainless steel is an excellent option for durability and resistance to the corrosive effects of saltwater.

Cooling Method:

Marine refrigerators typically use either absorption or compressor-based cooling systems. Compressor refrigerators are more energy-efficient and provide better cooling performance, while absorption refrigerators are silent and have no moving parts. Choose the system that best suits your needs and aligns with your boat's setup.

Additional Features:

Look for additional features that enhance convenience and functionality, such as secure door latches, adjustable shelves, reversible door hinges, and built-in thermostats or digital temperature control. These features can make your boating experience more enjoyable and tailored to your specific needs.

By carefully considering these factors and guidelines, you can determine the right size and type of marine refrigerator for your deck boat, ensuring a pleasant and convenient boating experience.

Frequently asked questions