Best Refrigerators For Deck Boats: A Complete Guide

When it comes to choosing a refrigerator for your deck boat, there are a few things you need to consider. Firstly, it's important to understand the different types of marine refrigerators available and the specific needs they cater to. Marine refrigerators are designed to tackle the unique challenges of the marine environment, including vibration resistance, power efficiency, and compact size. While it is possible to use a regular household refrigerator, marine refrigerators are better suited due to their specialised features.

Some key considerations when choosing a marine refrigerator include energy efficiency, cooling performance, storage capacity, durability, noise level, and power source compatibility. Additionally, the size of your boat, the type of boating you do, and the length of your trips will also influence your decision. If you spend a lot of time at the dock with access to shore power, a 110v AC refrigeration unit might be a good option. However, if you prefer cruising and anchoring, a 12v DC unit or an engine-driven refrigeration system might be more suitable.

There are three main types of marine refrigeration units: self-contained units, thermoelectric, and holding plate systems. Self-contained units are similar to those found in homes and are easy to install. Thermoelectric systems are quiet and long-lasting but less efficient, while holding plate systems are powerful and ideal for deep freezes.

When it comes to powering your refrigerator, you have options such as AC units connected to shore power or a generator, DC units running off the boat's battery bank, or engine-driven units with a belt-powered compressor.

Powering a boat refrigerator

Refrigeration is often the biggest drain on a boat's power supply, so it's important to consider how you will power your boat refrigerator. There are three main options when it comes to powering a refrigerator on a boat: AC units, DC units, and engine-driven units.

AC units are powered by shore power or a generator. If you spend a lot of time at the dock or have a generator, this may be a good option. DC units run off a boat's battery bank, so you'll need to consider the size of your battery and its recharge capability. Engine-driven units have a compressor powered by a belt running from the engine.

Another thing to consider is the type of condenser. Most 12v DC units come with an air-cooled condenser, but a water-cooled condenser is more efficient and can be installed almost anywhere. If you go with an air-cooled condenser, it must be mounted where it can be ventilated to dissipate the high heat removed from the ice box.

You can also find portable units that are smaller and more lightweight than permanent installations. These are a good option if you don't have space for a built-in refrigerator. However, they don't cool as well as permanent units.

To reduce power consumption, you can improve the insulation of your refrigerator. The more insulation, the better—marine fridges should ideally be encased in four inches of insulation, and freezers should have six inches. You can also improve airflow to the condenser and keep the refrigerator defrosted to ensure it's working at peak efficiency.

There are many options available for boat refrigerators, so be sure to choose one that fits your specific needs and power setup.

Marine vs. household refrigerators

Marine refrigerators are designed specifically for use on boats and yachts, while household refrigerators are designed for use in homes. Here are the key differences between the two:

Size and Design

Marine refrigerators are typically more compact and designed to fit into the limited space available on boats. They may have front-opening or top-loading designs to maximize space efficiency. Household refrigerators, on the other hand, come in various sizes and designs, including larger models with side-by-side fridge and freezer compartments.

Power Source

Marine refrigerators are designed to run on various power sources, including 12V or 24V DC systems (from the boat's battery) or 110V/220V AC systems (from shore power or a generator). Some marine refrigerators also have dual voltage capabilities, allowing them to switch between different power sources. Household refrigerators usually run on AC power and require a consistent power source, which may not always be available on a boat.

Energy Efficiency

Marine refrigerators are built with energy efficiency in mind since boats often have limited battery capacity. They often feature well-insulated compartments and efficient cooling systems. Household refrigerators may not prioritize energy efficiency to the same extent, as they are typically connected to a constant power supply.

Vibration and Corrosion Resistance

Marine refrigerators are constructed to withstand constant movement, vibrations, and the corrosive effects of the saltwater environment. They often use stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant materials. Household refrigerators may not have the same level of vibration and corrosion resistance, making them less durable in the marine environment.

Secure Closures

Marine refrigerators are designed with secure latches or locking mechanisms to prevent accidental openings during rough seas or when the boat is rocking. Household refrigerators may not have the same level of secure closures, which could lead to spills or spoilage in a marine setting.

Installation and Maintenance

Marine refrigerators are typically designed for easy installation and may offer features like reversible door hinges to adapt to different boat layouts. Household refrigerators may require more complex installation processes and may not be as adaptable to the unique constraints of a boat.

In summary, while it is possible to use a household refrigerator on a boat, marine refrigerators are specifically designed and optimized for the marine environment, offering features that enhance durability, energy efficiency, and space utilization. The choice between a marine or household refrigerator depends on factors such as available space, power sources, and the specific needs of the boat owner.

Pros and cons of different types of boat refrigerators

Marine refrigerators are essential for any boat or yacht, keeping items fresh and safe for consumption. The type of refrigeration system you choose will depend on the size of your vessel, its intended use, and the climate in which it will operate. Here are the pros and cons of the three main types of boat refrigerators: self-contained units, thermoelectric units, and holding plate systems.

Self-Contained Units

Self-contained units are ideal for small boats as they require minimal installation and take up little space. They are generally powered by 12V or 24V DC and use thermoelectric cooling technology to maintain temperatures between 0°C and 10°C. These units are simple to install, with only two major components—the compressor and evaporator—and they have become more popular in recent years. However, it is important to evaluate your boat's battery size and recharge capability when installing this type of unit, as the total amperage draw over 24 hours may be more than your boat's electrical system can handle.

Thermoelectric Units

Thermoelectric units are unique in that they use the Peltier effect and have no moving parts except a heat-dissipating fan. They are noiseless, require almost zero maintenance, and are simple to install. However, they are less efficient than other types of refrigeration units and are not suitable for use in tropical or hot climates as they can only cool boxes down by 40-50 degrees lower than the ambient temperature.

Holding Plate Systems

Holding plate systems are the most common type of marine refrigeration, often used for larger vessels. They use a large evaporator plate to store cold air, which is then circulated throughout the boat using fans to maintain consistent temperatures. This system is well-suited for extended trips and warmer climates. Holding plate systems are the most efficient type of marine refrigeration and can be used for refrigerator and freezer applications. However, they require a more complicated installation process and are more expensive than other types of units.

In summary, the type of boat refrigerator you choose will depend on the specific needs of your vessel. Self-contained units are ideal for small boats with basic cooling needs, while holding plate systems are better suited for larger vessels operating in hotter climates. Thermoelectric units, on the other hand, offer simple installation and low maintenance but may not provide sufficient cooling in certain climates.

How to determine the right size of a marine refrigerator

When choosing a marine refrigerator for your deck boat, it is essential to consider several factors to ensure you get the right size and type for your needs. Here are some guidelines to help you determine the correct size:

Space and Size:

Firstly, measure the available space on your boat where you plan to install the refrigerator. Take into account not just the width and height but also the depth of the unit, as well as any ventilation requirements. Allow for a few inches of breathing room around the refrigerator for proper ventilation and ensure the doors can open fully.

Power Source:

Consider the power system on your boat. Marine refrigerators can run on 12V or 24V DC systems (from the boat's battery) or 110V/220V AC systems (from shore power or a generator). Some refrigerators offer dual voltage capabilities, allowing you to switch between power sources. If you spend a lot of time at the dock or have an onboard generator, a 110v AC refrigeration unit may be a good choice. Otherwise, a 12v DC unit or an engine-driven refrigeration system might be more suitable.

Energy Efficiency:

As boats often have limited battery capacity, energy efficiency is crucial. Look for units with efficient cooling systems and good insulation. The Danfoss compressor is a popular choice for marine refrigeration due to its efficiency.

Design and Material:

Marine refrigerators typically have front-opening or top-loading designs. Choose the design that best suits your space and personal preference. Opt for corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel to withstand the harsh marine environment, especially if you boat in saltwater.

Cooling Method:

Marine refrigerators use either absorption or compressor-based cooling systems. Compressor refrigerators are more energy-efficient and provide better cooling, while absorption refrigerators are silent and have no moving parts.

Additional Features:

Look for features such as secure door latches, adjustable shelves, reversible door hinges, and built-in temperature control for added convenience and functionality.

Size Recommendations:

The right size of the refrigerator will depend on the size of your boat and your specific needs. Here are some recommendations based on boat size:

• Small boats: The Isotherm Cruise 42 is a compact, top-loading refrigerator offering 42 liters of storage.
• Medium to Large boats: The Vitrifrigo DP2600 is a spacious, front-opening refrigerator with a separate freezer compartment, offering 230 liters of total storage. The Isotherm Cruise 195 is another option for larger boats, with a total capacity of 195 liters and separate refrigerator and freezer compartments.

By considering these factors and recommendations, you can choose the right size and type of marine refrigerator to enhance your boating experience.

How to install a marine refrigerator

Installing a marine refrigerator is a complex process that requires careful planning and consideration. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to install a marine refrigerator:

Step 1: Choose the Type of Marine Refrigeration

There are three main types of marine refrigeration units: self-contained units (all-in-one or split systems), thermoelectric, and holding plate systems. Self-contained units are the easiest to install and resemble typical home refrigerators. They are often available for DIY installation. Thermoelectric systems are quiet and long-lasting but less efficient, making them unsuitable for hot climates. Holding plate systems are powerful and ideal for deep freezes but more complex and costly.

Step 2: Determine the Power Source

Marine refrigerators can be powered by AC (shore power or generator), DC (boat's battery bank), or engine-driven units. If you spend a lot of time at the dock or have an onboard generator, an AC unit may be suitable. For cruising and anchoring, a DC unit or engine-driven system is preferable. Consider your boating habits and power availability to make an informed decision.

Step 3: Select the Refrigerator Box Type

Choose between a top-loading or front-loading refrigerator box. Top loaders are more efficient as they minimize cold air escape, especially when the boat is in motion. However, they may be less convenient for accessing stored items. Front loaders provide easier access but require clear plastic strips to retain cold air when the door is open. They are also more prone to food falling out during boat movement.

Step 4: Determine the Refrigerator Size

Consider the available space and your refrigeration needs. A smaller refrigerator is generally more efficient, but it should still have adequate space for your food and drinks. Ensure the refrigerator is located away from the engine and generator compartments to prevent heating issues.

Step 5: Plan the Installation

Decide on the location for the refrigerator box and compressor. The compressor should be placed in a well-ventilated area with good airflow to ensure efficient heat dissipation. Avoid enclosed spaces with poor air circulation. Consider the distance between the box and compressor, as longer refrigerant lines may reduce system efficiency.

Step 6: Prepare the Refrigerator Box

If you are building a custom box, use high-quality insulating materials to maximize efficiency. Ensure the box has a tight-fitting lid or door with a thick gasket to prevent cold air from escaping. A reflective outer surface can also help keep the refrigerator cool. Consider adding a drain with a trap to facilitate defrosting without introducing warm air from the bilge.

Step 7: Install the Refrigerator

Install the refrigerator box and compressor according to the manufacturer's instructions or seek professional assistance if needed. Ensure all connections are secure and properly sealed to prevent refrigerant leaks.

Step 8: Test and Maintain the Refrigerator

Once installed, test the refrigerator to ensure it maintains the desired temperature. Regularly clean and maintain the refrigerator, following the manufacturer's recommendations. Keep the compressor well-ventilated and accessible for maintenance.

Step 9: Consider Additional Features

You may want to include a separate freezer compartment or a dedicated freezer unit. Also, consider adding fans to improve airflow and reduce the compressor's workload. Finally, think about power generation upgrades if your existing system cannot support the refrigerator's power requirements.

Frequently asked questions