Choosing The Right Radar: What's Best For Your Boat?

Marine radar is an important piece of technology for boaters, playing a direct role in safe navigation. When choosing a radar for your boat, it's essential to consider factors such as your budget, the size and type of your boat, the range and resolution you require, and the compatibility of the radar with your existing electronics. The mounting position and height of the radar are also critical factors that can impact its performance and effectiveness.

In this article, we will explore the different styles of radar systems available, their advantages and disadvantages, and provide guidance on selecting the most suitable option for your boat to ensure safe and enjoyable voyages.

Compatibility with other electronics

Compatibility is a key consideration when choosing a radar system for your boat. Most multifunction displays can operate a radar system, but there are some combos, especially those intended for inland fishing, that cannot. If you're considering adding radar to your current setup, it's important to check compatibility first. Some models that do not support radar include Garmin echoMAP, Lowrance Elite TI, Raymarine Dragonfly, and Simrad Cruise.

If you're thinking of upgrading your chartplotter and adding radar, it's worth noting that some radar systems come with their own GPS and chart plotter hardware. However, if your boat already has a GPS or chart plotter, you'll need to ensure that your new radar is compatible with your existing setup.

When choosing a radar system, it's also important to consider the size and weight of the unit. Larger and heavier radar systems may require more mounting options and may not be suitable for smaller boats. Additionally, the height at which the radar is mounted will affect its performance and range. A higher mounting position will increase the maximum range but also the minimum range around your boat.

Another factor to consider is power consumption. Solid-state radar systems, for example, use less power than traditional pulse radar systems. This makes them a good choice for sailboats and other vessels with limited power.

Finally, it's important to ensure that your radar is properly installed and configured to work with your existing electronics. This may involve routing cables, connecting to power, and ensuring that the radar is mounted at the correct height and angle to optimize its performance.

Boat type and size

The type and size of your boat will determine the best style of radar.

If you have a powerboat, sports cruiser, or RIB, you'll want to avoid flush mounting your radar. The radome should not be mounted flat on the top of your coachroof or radar arch. Instead, ensure that it is raised high enough to maintain the radar's optimum performance. The further away from the front or side of your boat's roof or radar arch, the higher the mount will need to be to keep the radar's beam clear of the superstructure.

For sailboats, there are two general areas where the radome can be fitted: on the mast or above the cockpit. The height at which radar is fitted will affect its performance in how far it can see. The higher a radar is mounted, the greater its range. However, the higher up it is, the more movement it will suffer from. Weight and location on board must also be considered.

The type of radar you choose will also depend on the size of your boat. Open arrays have the widest antennas and are best for large powerboats with radar arches or pilothouses. Radomes, on the other hand, offer better mounting flexibility where space is limited, making them ideal for walk-around fishing boats, RIBs, small cruisers, or sailboats.

When choosing a radar system, it is important to consider your boat's type and size to ensure optimal performance and safety.

Range and resolution

The range of a radar unit is determined by its power, the height of the antenna, and the height of the target. The higher the antenna, the further the radar can see, but this also increases the minimum range, or "blind spot", around the boat. The power of the radar is particularly important in poor weather, as fog, drizzle, and rain absorb energy and reduce the range. Traditional pulse radars have a range of 24-48 nautical miles, while broadband radar has a maximum range of 36 nautical miles.

The resolution of a radar unit is its ability to distinguish between targets that are close together in range or bearing. Range resolution is determined by the width of the transmitted pulse, with shorter pulses providing better resolution. Bearing resolution is determined by the width of the radar beam, with narrower beams providing better resolution. The typical horizontal width of a radar beam is about six degrees, meaning that two objects separated by less than six degrees will appear as a single target. The narrower beams of open array radars provide better resolution than the wider beams of round radome antennas.

The range and resolution of a radar unit are important factors to consider when choosing a marine radar system. If you need to detect objects at long range, a high-powered radar with a narrow beam width will provide the best performance. If you need to detect objects close to your boat, such as pilings, moored boats, or rocks, a radar unit with good short-range performance and resolution will be more important than maximum range.

When choosing a marine radar, it is also important to consider the size and type of your boat, the compatibility of your electronics, and your budget. Open array radars are best suited for large powerboats with radar arches or pilothouses, while radome radars are more suitable for smaller boats and sailboats where space is limited. Most multifunction displays can operate a radar unit, but some smaller or more basic combos, especially those intended for inland fishing, cannot. The cost of adding radar capability to a compatible multifunction display starts at around $1,000, while stand-alone radars with more features and menu options can cost $1,200 or more.

Installation and mounting

When it comes to installing and mounting radar on your boat, there are several factors and considerations to keep in mind to ensure optimal performance and safety. Here are some detailed instructions and guidelines for the installation and mounting process:

Planning and Considerations:

• Function and Usage: Determine how you plan to use your radar and the frequency of usage. This will help you choose the appropriate type and range of radar suitable for your needs.
• Compatibility: Ensure that your boat's electronics are compatible with the radar system. Most multifunction displays can operate radar units, but some smaller or basic combos, especially those for inland fishing, may not be compatible.
• Range and Visibility: Consider how far you need to see with your radar. Installing the radar higher usually increases the maximum range but also affects the minimum range around your boat. Choose a location that provides a clear, unobstructed view of the horizon in all directions.
• Mounting Height: While a higher mounting height can increase the radar's range, it is not always necessary or practical, especially on smaller boats. Calculate the desired range and choose a mounting height accordingly.
• Safety: Ensure that the radar is mounted above head height to avoid direct exposure to electromagnetic energy, which can be harmful.
• Mounting Location: Choose a location that provides an unobstructed 360-degree view for the radar. Avoid mounting near large masts, horizontal spreaders, stacks, or other solid objects that may cause shadows, reflections, or blind spots.
• Display Mounting: Mount the display for optimal viewing from the helm, ensuring that it does not interfere with the operator. Consider the size of the display and the available mounting footprint on your boat.
• Power and Wiring: Plan the wiring and power supply for the radar. Most radar units require a dedicated circuit from the distribution panel with appropriate wire gauge and breaker size. Ensure you have the correct cables and connections for the radar antenna and display.

Installation Process:

• Prefabricated Mounts: Many boats can use prefabricated mounts and brackets for radar installation, which can be combined with antenna and light mounts. Consider the height and location of the mount to ensure a clear view for the radar.
• Custom Fabrication: For unique boat designs or specific requirements, custom fabrication may be necessary. This may involve fabricating a single-point mast or a custom radar arch that fits the aesthetics and dimensions of your boat.
• Drilling and Fastening: When drilling holes for mounting the radar, use the correct drill bits, cutting fluid, and personal protective equipment. Drill pilot holes and gradually increase the size to avoid cracking the mounting surface. Use self-tapping screws or bolts to secure the radar mount, ensuring they are strong enough to bear the weight of the radar.
• Wiring and Connections: Feed the wires and cables through the mount and connect them to the radar unit and display. Use waterproof connectors and glands to protect the connections from the elements. Ensure that all wiring is secure and properly routed to avoid interference with other boat components.
• Testing and Calibration: Once the radar is installed, test all the connections and power up the system. Calibrate the radar according to the manufacturer's instructions, including adjusting sweep timing and range settings if necessary.
• Practise and Familiarisation: Take time to familiarise yourself with the radar system by practising its use on clear days. Match what you see on the display with the actual surroundings to enhance your interpretation skills and maximise the effectiveness of the radar as a navigational tool.

By following these instructions and considerations, you can ensure a safe and effective installation and mounting of your boat's radar system, providing you with valuable collision avoidance and navigation assistance during your boating trips.

Budget

When it comes to budgeting for radar for your boat, there are a few things to consider. Firstly, radar technology is a significant investment, and prices can range from around $1,000 to over $5,000. The final cost will depend on the features and capabilities you require, as well as the type and size of your boat.

If you're an occasional boater who sticks to fair-weather conditions and doesn't venture out before dawn or stay out overnight, a basic radar system will likely suffice. These entry-level options can help you navigate through unexpected fog or find your way home after dark. You can expect to pay around $1,000 to add radar capability to a compatible multifunction display (MFD) or purchase a standalone radar with basic features.

On the other hand, if you frequently boat at night, cruise in all weather conditions, or plan to use your boat for offshore fishing or sailing, you'll want a radar system with more advanced features. This could include Doppler technology, bird mode, or CHIRP pulse compression for improved target detection and collision avoidance. The price of these more advanced radar systems can start at around $2,000 and go up to several thousand dollars.

It's important to consider not only the initial cost of the radar system but also the potential costs of additional equipment and installation. For example, you may need to purchase a mounting kit or hire a professional for installation, especially for more complex systems.

When deciding on your budget, it's crucial to strike a balance between your needs and financial constraints. While you don't want to overspend on features you may rarely use, investing in a radar system that meets your specific requirements and provides a level of safety is essential.

Additionally, keep in mind that the cost of radar technology can vary depending on the brand and retailer, so it's worth shopping around and comparing prices before making your final decision.

Frequently asked questions