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In basketball, travelling is a violation of the rules where a player takes more than a predefined number of steps while holding the ball. The number of allowed steps varies depending on the league. For example, the NBA and FIBA leagues allow two steps without the ball being dribbled, while the NCAA and NFHS leagues have stricter rules, not permitting any steps without a dribble. The skip step is considered travelling because it involves stepping with the same foot twice, which is not allowed under the rules.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | Taking more steps without dribbling than the predefined limit |
| NBA and FIBA rules | Taking more than two steps without dribbling |
| NCAA and NFHS rules | Do not allow two steps |
| Pivot foot | If the pivot foot changes or moves, it is considered traveling |
| Jumping | Jumping while holding the ball and landing is considered traveling |
| Skip step | Stepping with the same foot twice, e.g. left-left-right, is considered traveling |
| Dribbling | If you gather the ball while in motion, you can only take one step before dribbling |
| Passing | You can jump off the pivot foot to pass or shoot for a field goal, but neither foot may touch the floor before releasing the ball |
| Long pass | A long pass that doesn't touch the floor is called a "skip pass" |
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What You'll Learn
The skip step is considered travelling
In basketball, travelling is a violation of the rules where a player takes more than a predefined number of steps while holding the ball. The number of steps allowed varies depending on the league. For example, the NBA and FIBA allow two steps, while the NCAA and NFHS have stricter interpretations, not permitting any steps without a dribble.
The interpretation and enforcement of the travelling rule have evolved over time, with early basketball relying on referees' judgment in the absence of specific guidelines. The introduction of dribbling added a new dimension to the rule, and the establishment of different leagues has led to variations in its interpretation.
The pivot foot is an important concept in understanding travelling. A player who catches the ball with both feet on the court may pivot, using either foot. However, if they lift and replace their pivot foot (also known as a hop), it is considered an illegal move and a travelling violation.
While the skip step is generally considered travelling, there are instances where a similar move may not be called as a violation. The interpretation of the rules can vary depending on the referee and the specific context of the play. Some players, such as Steph Curry, Luka, and Chris Paul, are known for getting away with moves that may technically be considered travelling.
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Jumping before dribbling is travelling
In basketball, travelling is a violation of the rules where a player takes more than a predefined number of steps while holding the ball without dribbling. The number of allowed steps varies depending on the league. For example, the NBA and FIBA allow two steps, while the NCAA and NFHS have stricter rules, only permitting one step.
The "skip step" is a specific type of travelling violation where a player steps with the same foot twice, which is not allowed under the rules. This can occur when a player gathers the ball with their left foot and then steps left again before stepping right, resulting in two steps with the same foot.
Jumping before dribbling is considered travelling. According to the rules, a player cannot lift their pivot foot before starting to dribble. If a player gathers the ball while in motion, they are only allowed to take one step prior to dribbling. However, if a player catches the ball with both feet planted, they can pivot using either foot.
While the rules clearly state that jumping before dribbling is a travel, some referees may not strictly enforce this rule for star players. Additionally, the interpretation and enforcement of travelling rules have evolved over time, with early basketball relying on referees' judgment without specific guidelines.
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Pivot foot rules
Pivoting is a fundamental footwork technique in basketball that allows players to change directions, create space, and generate momentum while maintaining control of the ball. The pivot foot rules govern how a player can move their feet while in possession of the ball without committing a travelling violation. Here are the key pivot foot rules:
Choosing the Pivot Foot
The pivot foot is established as the first step after gaining control of the ball. If a player catches the ball while standing still, they can pivot using either foot as their pivot foot. However, if they are moving (progressing) when they gain control of the ball, the foot that first touches the ground becomes their pivot foot. If a player lands with both feet simultaneously, they can choose either foot as their pivot.
Movement with the Pivot Foot
Once the pivot foot is established, the player can move their non-pivot foot in any direction as long as the pivot foot remains in contact with the floor. The pivot foot acts as an axis or pivot point for the player to rotate or shift their weight. It is important to note that the pivot foot cannot slide or move laterally; it must remain in a fixed position.
Jumping and Leaving the Ground
If a player jumps off their pivot foot, they must release the ball before any foot touches the floor again. They cannot choose a new pivot foot upon landing. If a player jumps off one foot and lands with both feet simultaneously, they cannot pivot and must release the ball before either foot leaves the floor again.
Starting a Dribble
When starting a dribble, the ball must leave the player's hand before the pivot foot is raised off the floor. If a player raises their pivot foot before releasing the ball, they must pass or shoot the ball before their pivot foot returns to the floor.
These pivot foot rules apply to various basketball leagues, including the NBA, WNBA, NCAA, and FIBA, with some minor variations in specific cases. Understanding and mastering these rules allows players to execute legal moves, avoid travelling violations, and improve their overall game performance.
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The two-step rule
It is important to note that pivoting does not count as a step. Players are allowed to balance on the other foot if their landing foot is lifted. However, if the pivot foot changes or moves, it is considered traveling. Additionally, a player must release the ball to start their dribble before their second step. Failing to do so results in a traveling violation.
While the NBA and FIBA have adopted the two-step rule, it is important to note that enforcement of the rule may vary. Some observers believe that traveling violations are sometimes overlooked in the NBA, and the interpretation and enforcement of traveling rules have evolved over time.
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Enforcement of travelling rules
The enforcement of travelling rules in basketball has seen several changes over the years, with different leagues interpreting and enforcing the rules differently. Here are some key points regarding the enforcement of travelling rules:
Early Basketball
Initially, basketball had no concrete rules regarding player movement, leaving referees to rely on their judgment to determine a travelling violation.
Dribbling, now a fundamental part of basketball, was introduced by the Yale University basketball team in 1897.
NBA and FIBA Standards
The NBA and FIBA define travelling as taking more than two steps without dribbling. However, there are claims that enforcement of this rule in the NBA is not rigorous, and travelling violations are often overlooked. The NBA has made efforts to clarify its rules by formally defining the "gather" and providing additional details on the allowed number of steps after gathering the ball.
NCAA and NFHS Rules
The NCAA and NFHS have stricter interpretations, not permitting any steps without a dribble. They also have additional restrictions, such as considering falling to the floor while holding the ball as travelling.
Pivot Foot
The pivot foot rule is another important aspect of travelling enforcement. A player who catches the ball with both feet on the court may pivot using either foot. However, if the established pivot foot is lifted or changed, it is considered travelling.
Slip Foot
The slip foot rule considers a player's small step to regain balance after stopping with the ball as a travelling violation, depending on the distance of the 'slip'.
Enforcement Consistency
There are varying opinions on the consistency of enforcing travelling rules. Some observers note that certain players are allowed to get away with potential travelling violations due to referee leniency. However, others argue that specific movements are ruled inconsistently and are open to interpretation.
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