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Defensive rating in basketball is a statistic that measures a player's defensive performance. It is calculated by determining how many points a player concedes per 100 possessions. The formula for defensive rating, or defensive efficiency, is 100*(Points Allowed / Possessions). Defensive rating is influenced by a player's marginal defensive value, or the increase in their team's defensive ability while they are on the court. It is also influenced by the marginal points per win, which adjusts a player's contributions to a standard rate. Defensive rating is based on the calculation of Stop, which is the number of an opponent's interrupted actions. This is calculated by taking into account steals, blocks, defensive rebounds, forced turnovers, and forced misses.
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What You'll Learn
Individual defensive ratings
Defensive rating is a statistic that measures a player's defensive performance. It estimates the number of points conceded per 100 possessions when the player is on the court. This statistic differs from a simple plus/minus system, where all points conceded while a player is on the court count against them. Defensive rating only counts points conceded as a result of a player's defensive errors.
The individual defensive rating is influenced by the team's defensive efficiency and assumes that all teammates are equally effective at forcing turnovers and misses that aren't captured by steals and blocks. The individual defensive rating is calculated using the intermediate data defined by Dean Oliver as "Stop". Stop is the number of an opponent's interrupted actions. There are two types of Stop: Stop1 and Stop2. Stop1 depends on the terms found on the box score, while Stop2 is dependent on "hidden" terms and requires a longer calculation.
The formula for Stop2 is:
> (((Opponent_FGA - Opponent_FGM - Team_BLK) / Team_MP) * FMwt * (1 - 1.07 * DOR%) + ((Opponent_TOV - Team_STL) / Team_MP)) * MP + (PF / Team_PF) * 0.4 * Opponent_FTA * (1 - (Opponent_FTM / Opponent_FTA))^2
Once the values for Stop1 and Stop2 are calculated, they are added together to get the total number of actions interrupted by a player. The next step is to determine the Stop percentage, or Stop%. This is calculated using the following formula:
> Stop% = (Stops * Opponent_MP) / (Team_Possessions * MP)
With the Stop% calculated, the individual Defensive Rating (DRtg) can be computed using the following formula:
> DRtg = Team_Defensive_Rating + 0.2 * (100 * D_Pts_per_ScPoss * (1 - Stop%) - Team_Defensive_Rating)
Defensive rating is not a perfect measure of a player's defensive ability, as it does not correlate with other important defensive metrics such as steals and blocks. However, it is a useful statistic for understanding the quality of a player's defensive performance and can be compared to the typical number of points scored by opposing teams to determine how "good" or "bad" a player's defensive rating is.
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Opponent's shooting percentage
Defensive rating or defensive efficiency is a statistic used in basketball to measure an individual player's efficiency at preventing the opposing team from scoring points. It was introduced by Dean Oliver in his 2004 book, Basketball on Paper.
Defensive rating is calculated by estimating how many points a player allows per 100 possessions. Only the points scored as a result of a player's defensive lapses are counted against them. This statistic differs from a simple plus/minus system, where all points scored while a player is on the court count against them.
Opponents' shooting percentage is a key factor in defensive rating. The number of missed shots and turnovers by the opponent is indicative of the skill of the defence. Defensive rating takes into account instances of a player ending an opposing possession, including blocks, steals, and defensive rebounds. It also estimates the number of forced turnovers and forced misses by the player that aren't captured by steals and blocks.
The formula for defensive rating includes opponents' field goal attempts (FGA) and field goals made (FGM). It calculates the rate at which a player forces a defensive stop as a percentage of individual possessions faced, known as Stop%. This value is then used to compute the individual Defensive Rating (DRtg).
Defensive Win Shares (DWS) is another defensive statistic that takes into account all facets of the defensive game and is tempo-free. It is scaled so that one DWS is equal in value to one win added to the player's team's record. However, while it accounts for the pace of play, it still favours players who are on the court for more minutes.
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Defensive rebounds
The concept of defensive rebounds is integral to the game's flow, as it allows for a shift from the offensive to the defensive side. The team that misses a shot aims to retrieve the rebound to maintain possession, while the defending team attempts to secure the defensive rebound to initiate their offensive sequence. This back-and-forth nature of the game, facilitated by rebounds, creates an engaging and dynamic playing style.
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Marginal defensive value
Defensive Rating, or DRtg, is an efficiency metric developed by Dean Oliver in his 2004 book, "Basketball on Paper". It estimates how many points a player allows per 100 possessions while they are on the court. This statistic differs from a simple plus/minus system, where all points scored while a player is on the court count against them. Instead, only the points scored as a result of a player's defensive lapses are counted against them.
The formula's numerator calculates a player's marginal defensive value, which quantifies how much a team's defensive ability increases while a particular player is on the court. The denominator, on the other hand, is simply the marginal points per win. In simpler terms, the denominator uses the team's pace of play to adjust the player's contributions to a more standard rate.
Defensive Win Shares (DWS) is a metric that takes all facets of the defensive game into account and is tempo-free. It is scaled so that one DWS is equal in value to one win added to the player's team's record. While DWS accounts for the pace of play, it is still a counting stat, meaning that players who are on the court for more minutes benefit.
Individual Defensive Ratings are heavily influenced by the team's defensive efficiency. These ratings assume that all teammates are equally effective at forcing non-steal turnovers and non-block misses, and that they face the same number of total possessions per minute.
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Defensive win shares
The first step in calculating defensive win shares is to determine the player's marginal defence. This value is calculated by multiplying the team's marginal defence with the player's share of the team's marginal defence. The team's marginal defence is influenced by factors such as league points per shot attempt, team field goal attempts, and opponent points. The player's share of the team's marginal defence is determined by considering various defensive statistics, including minutes played, defensive rebounds, steals, blocks, and assists. The weights assigned to these statistics may vary, but they generally carry significant importance in the calculation.
Once the player's marginal defence is calculated, the next step is to determine the marginal points per win. This value is derived by multiplying the league's points per game with the team's pace relative to the league.
Finally, to obtain the defensive win shares, the player's marginal defence is divided by the marginal points per win. This calculation distributes credit to players based on their defensive contributions to the team's success.
It is worth noting that the calculation of defensive win shares can vary slightly depending on the specific league and historical data availability. Additionally, defensive win shares are just one aspect of evaluating a player's overall impact, as offensive win shares and overall win shares also play a crucial role in assessing a player's performance and contribution to their team's victories.
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Frequently asked questions
Defensive rating is a quantitative statistic that measures the number of points a player allows per 100 possessions while they are on the court.
Defensive rating is calculated using the intermediate data defined by Dean Oliver as Stop. Stop is the number of an opponent's interrupted actions. The opponent's actions interrupted by the player are divided by the total opponent's possessions multiplied by the percentage of minutes played.
A defensive rating of approximately 111.47 is considered to be around the league average.
