Understanding Boat Docks: A Guide To Their Functionality

A boat dock is a human-made structure that facilitates the handling of boats or ships, usually on or near a shore. Docks are typically found in marinas, which are facilities where recreational boaters can park their vessels. Marinas are often located in harbors or basins, providing easy access to larger bodies of water. A key distinction is that marinas cater to smaller boats and yachts, while ports accommodate freight ships and larger passenger ships. Boat docks can be permanent or floating, and they serve as parking spaces for boats, with various features designed to protect boats from damage and provide a stable mooring.

Boat docks vs. piers

While the terms "boat dock" and "pier" are often used interchangeably, there are some differences between the two. These differences vary based on geography and the activities the structure is used for.

Boat Docks

In British English (and, to some extent, in Canadian English), a dock is defined as an enclosed body of water that is separate from the sea or ocean. Docks are primarily used for trade, shipping, and associated activities such as unloading, loading, and repairs. They are also used for the mooring or berthing of large vessels and container ships, providing a safe parking space. Docks are typically constructed in river ports or seaports, and can be either wet or dry. Wet docks have water encircled by gates to keep ships afloat during low tide, while dry docks are similar structures with gates to control the water level, which can be drained for ship repair, maintenance, and construction.

Piers

Piers are defined as elongated structures that extend from the shore into the water. They are often used as walkways or platforms and are supported by pillars, usually made of concrete or wood. Piers are used for commercial and recreational purposes, including handling vessels, fishing, and other waterfront activities. Piers can be constructed using different materials such as timber, steel, concrete, or corrosion-free plastics. There are three types of piers based on construction: open, closed, and floating piers.

The main difference between boat docks and piers lies in their geographical context and intended use. In British English, a dock refers to an enclosed area separate from the sea, used primarily for trade and shipping activities, while a pier is a structure extending from the shore into the water, often used for recreational purposes. In North American English, however, the terms are often used interchangeably, with "dock" sometimes referring to a place to moor a boat, and "pier" referring to a communal transitional structure between water and land.

Dock construction materials

The materials used to build a boat dock depend on the type of dock, location, environment, and use case. Here are some of the most common materials used for dock construction:

• Treated Wood: Treated wood is the most preferred material for docks. The type of treatment depends on the water type—for freshwater, a minimum of .60 pcf pressure-treated wood is required, while for saltwater, 2.5 pcf pressure-treated wood or higher is necessary to withstand the harsh environment. Pressure-treated Southern Yellow Pine is a popular and affordable option due to its visual appeal, sturdiness, and resistance to rot, parasites, and decay. Cedar is another type of wood that is naturally resistant to rot, decay, and insects, making it an excellent choice for docks.
• Composites: Composite materials offer resistance to rot, insects, and decay, and they do not crack or splinter like natural wood. They are highly waterproof and can handle the heat of the sun. Composite docks are also available in a variety of colours and textures, making them a popular choice for homeowners and dock builders seeking customisation.
• Polyethene (Plastic) Docks: Plastic docks are lightweight, low-maintenance, and long-lasting. They are easy to install and come in various colours and textures, making them an affordable option for floating docks and jet ski docks. However, they may lack the visual appeal of other materials.
• EchoPile (Vinyl-Fiberglass Composite) Pilings: EchoPile is a recyclable and eco-friendly marine piling with a long lifespan. Its internal structure provides improved strength while reducing weight compared to solid wood or plastic pilings.
• Aluminum: Aluminum is a durable, low-maintenance material commonly used in commercial or heavy-load docks due to its strength-to-weight ratio. It is resistant to corrosion, making it suitable for saltwater environments. However, its high thermal conductivity can make it too hot for decking in residential docks.
• Concrete: Concrete is typically used in commercial applications with heavy wave action.

Other materials and components used in dock construction include bumpers to protect docks and boats from damage, handrails and toe rails for stability and ADA compliance, and wheel rails to prevent objects from rolling off the dock. The type of hardware used, such as stainless steel or galvanised steel, is also an important consideration to ensure the dock's longevity in marine environments.

Dock bumpers

There are several types of dock bumpers available, each designed to suit specific needs:

Dock Corner Wheels

Dock corner wheels are installed at the sharp corners of docks. They protect boats from gouges and dents that can occur when a boat comes into contact with the sharp edges of the dock. Inflatable dock corner wheels, such as the Taylor Made brand, not only prevent damage but also assist in guiding the boat safely into its designated slip.

Flexible Moldings

Flexible moldings are installed along the length of the dock, offering extended protection to the boat from potential impact with the dock. They provide a convenient and flexible solution to safeguard both the boat and the dock.

P-Bumpers

P-bumpers are designed to tack onto the edge of the dock, providing surface protection against scratches and damage if the boat and dock come into contact.

Pole Bumpers

Pole bumpers are attached to the dock poles, facing outward. They prevent boats and other watercraft from making direct contact with the metal dock poles, reducing the risk of damage to both the boat and the dock structure.

Dock floats

When selecting dock floats, it is important to consider the weight of the dock and the number of floats needed to provide sufficient buoyancy. Additionally, the durability and warranty of the floats should be considered to ensure a long-lasting product. For instance, Wahoo Docks' PermaFloat dock floats are known for their extreme durability and 15-year warranty.

Proper installation and maintenance of dock floats are also crucial to ensure their effectiveness and longevity. It is recommended to follow the manufacturer's instructions for installation and to regularly inspect the floats for any signs of wear or damage. By choosing high-quality dock floats and practising proper maintenance, boat owners can ensure the safety and stability of their docks.

Dock rollers

One of the most popular options on the market is the Ryan-O Dock Rollers, which are the original patented dock rollers. Ryan-O Dock Rollers are constructed from heavy-gauge steel and hot-dipped galvanised brackets, ensuring durability and longevity. The roller tubes and caps are made from polyethylene, which is known for its strength and ability to withstand harsh conditions without breaking. Ryan-O Dock Rollers are available in a range of sizes and lengths to accommodate different boat sizes and can be installed above or below the deck.

Another option for dock rollers is the HarborWare brand, which offers a variety of roller and roller assemblies made from UHMW plastic and rubber. These rollers provide a smooth and protected surface for boats to glide against during docking. HarborWare also offers a range of roller assemblies, including single, double, triple, quad, and spring-angle back configurations, ensuring a customisable solution for any boat dock.

Additionally, there are several other brands that offer dock rollers and wheels, such as KUFA Sports, Taylor Made Products, and CE Smith. These products vary in terms of size, material, and mounting type, allowing boat owners to find the perfect fit for their specific needs.

Frequently asked questions