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Badminton is a popular sport with a large global following, particularly in Asia and Europe. It is a fast-paced game with a unique scoring system. The scoring system in badminton is simple: a point is awarded after every rally, regardless of whether the server or receiver wins. This is known as the rally scoring system, which allows both sides to score points and creates a dynamic and competitive environment. The first player to reach 21 points wins the game, and in a match, the first to win two games out of three wins. The service courts are determined by the server's score, with the right court being used for even scores and the left for odd scores. This scoring system, along with the use of the 'birdie' or shuttlecock, makes badminton a challenging and exciting sport to play and watch.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Scoring system | Rally scoring |
| Points | Awarded to the player/team that wins the rally |
| Serving | If the server wins the rally, they score a point and continue to serve |
| Receiving | If the receiver wins the rally, they score a point and gain the right to serve |
| Score announcement | The server's score is announced first |
| Service courts | Two service courts: one on the right (even) and one on the left (odd) |
| Serving position | Depends on the score being even or odd |
| Receiver's position | Diagonally opposite the server in the service box |
| Doubles scoring | Each pair wins points |
| Serve determination | Decided by a coin toss in major tournaments or by throwing the shuttlecock in casual games |
| Match format | Best of three games |
| Point system | A point is won if the shuttlecock hits the ground in the opponent's half of the court |
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What You'll Learn
Scoring a point
When a player or team wins a rally, they score a point. The server starts the rally by hitting the shuttlecock, also known as the "birdie," diagonally into the opponent's service box. If the server wins the rally, they score a point and continue to serve. If the receiver wins the rally, they score a point and gain the right to serve. This rule ensures that no player serves or receives consecutively, adding a layer of strategy and fairness to the game.
To score a point, the shuttlecock must land inside the boundaries of the opponent's half of the court, including the lines. If a shot goes out of these boundaries, or if the shuttlecock hits the net or passes through it, a point is conceded. Additionally, players must wait for the shuttlecock to cross the net before playing a shot. While following through over the net is allowed, touching the net with the body or racket results in a conceded point.
The shuttlecock must be hit below waist height, and the server must follow specific rules regarding their serving position. The server's position is determined by their score, with odd scores requiring serving from the left court and even scores from the right court. This rule applies to both singles and doubles matches, ensuring consistency in the serving pattern.
It's important to note that in doubles matches, the scoring remains the same, but the dynamic changes slightly. Each pair works together to win points, and the serving and receiving pairs choose who will serve and receive during the first rally. The receiver's position is determined by the server's position, ensuring that both players are either in the even or odd service courts.
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Deciding who serves first
The server's score determines their position on the court. When the server's score is an even number, they serve from the right service court, and when it is an odd number, they serve from the left service court. The receiver always stands diagonally opposite the server. This means that both players will be in the even service courts or the odd service courts, but never one of each.
The scoring in doubles is simple: instead of each person winning points, each pair wins points. The rules for deciding who serves first are the same as in singles, but the even/odd rule still applies. If the server's score is odd, they will serve from the left court, and if it is even, they will serve from the right court.
It is important to note that in badminton, players can score points regardless of whether they are serving or receiving due to the rally scoring system. This means that every player has consistent opportunities to earn points throughout the match, and both teams can score in every rally played.
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Serving and receiving positions
Serving Position:
The server must start the service from the right side of the service court when serving for the first time or after accumulating an even number of points. Conversely, when serving after an odd number of points, they must switch to the left service court. It is important to note that the server's feet must be in contact with the ground until the shuttle is struck, and they cannot touch any of the court lines during the serve. The Badminton World Federation (BWF) rules also specify that the serve must be initiated by striking the base of the shuttle (the cork) first, and the entire shuttle must remain below the server's waist. This rule ensures fairness and prevents players from gaining an advantage by hitting the feathers first to create excessive spin.
Receiving Position:
The receiver must position themselves on the alternate service court, opposite the server. They, too, must have their feet in contact with the ground until the shuttle is struck and must not touch any court lines. In doubles play, no player on the receiving side should receive two consecutive services during the same game. The receiving players can stand anywhere on their side of the court as long as they do not obstruct the sight of their partner or the server.
Techniques and Strategies:
The service in badminton is an important aspect of gameplay, and players can employ various techniques. Some professionals prefer a short backhand serve or a high-toss serve to initiate the game. Others, like Olympic medallists PV Sindhu and Carolina Marin, opt for powerful forehand serves to push their opponents back and create opportunities for attacking returns. Left-handed servers, such as world champion Kento Momota, present unique challenges due to the different angles and trajectories they can generate. While the serve in badminton may not be as decisive as in other sports like lawn tennis, it sets the tone for the rally and can be used strategically to gain an advantage or disrupt an opponent's rhythm.
Rules and Considerations:
The BWF has implemented rules to ensure fair play during the service. For instance, there should be no undue delay once the server and receiver are ready. While there is no set time limit, players have been faulted for taking excessively long. Additionally, the service judge uses a plastic device to measure the height of the serve, ensuring it remains below the specified height. These rules apply to both singles and doubles matches, with doubles matches having slightly more complex rules regarding serving sides.
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Scoring in doubles
Scoring in badminton doubles follows the same rules as singles, with a few differences. The first difference is that, instead of individuals winning points, pairs win points together. The second is that, while the receiver's position in singles is determined by the server's score, in doubles, the receiver always stands in the service box diagonally opposite the server. This means that both players will be in the even service courts or the odd service courts—but never one of each.
The game starts at 0–0, and the serving pair chooses who will serve for the first rally, with the receiving pair choosing who will receive. The server with an odd score will serve from the left court, and the server with an even score will serve from the right court. The receiver will stand in the diagonally opposite service court.
A point is scored when a player or pair grounds the shuttlecock in the designated areas of their opponent's side of the net. Points are also awarded if the opponent commits a fault or fails to return the shuttlecock. It is important to note that points can be won even if a player does not have the service.
A full game is typically played to 21 points, but variations such as 15 or 7 points can be used for quicker games. If the score reaches 20–20, the winner is the first player or pair to get a two-point lead. If the score reaches 29–29, the side that scores the 30th point wins. The player or pair that wins a game serves first in the next game.
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Changing ends
Badminton is a fast-paced game that requires players to be agile and quick on their feet. With a unique scoring system and court dynamics, players need to be strategic about when they change ends, as this can impact their gameplay and chances of winning. Here's a detailed overview of when players should change ends during a badminton match:
First Game Conclusion
The first opportunity to change ends arises at the conclusion of the first game. Regardless of the score, players should take this moment to switch sides. This ensures that both players or teams have experienced playing from both ends of the court and helps to balance out any advantages or disadvantages presented by the court layout.
Between the First and Second Game
If the match goes to a second game, players should change ends again. This maintains the fairness of the match, as each player or team now has the opportunity to play from the opposite side, levelling the playing field before the start of the next game.
During the Third Game
In the event that a third game is required to determine the match winner, players should change ends again when one side reaches a score of 11 points. This mid-game change of ends adds an interesting dynamic, as players need to quickly adapt to a new perspective and adjust their shots and strategies accordingly.
Strategic Considerations
Court Dimensions
It's worth noting that the dimensions of a badminton court also play a role in the dynamics of changing ends. In singles, the court is 13.41m long and 5.18m wide, while in doubles, the width extends to 6.1m. The net stands at 1.55m high at the ends and 1.52m high in the middle. These dimensions create a unique playing field that requires players to adjust their techniques and shot placements when changing ends.
In conclusion, changing ends in badminton is more than just a routine procedure. It is a strategic move that can impact the flow of the game and the players' performance. By understanding the rules and dynamics of the court, players can utilise the change of ends to their advantage, creating a more competitive and exciting match.
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Frequently asked questions
A point is scored whenever a player wins a rally, regardless of whether they are serving or receiving.
A player or team must score 21 points to win a game. In club badminton, this is usually where the game ends. However, in standard league or tournament play, a match is the best of three games.
In a major tournament, a coin toss is used to decide which side will serve first. In casual games, players usually throw the shuttle up in the air and let it land, with the side it points towards serving first.
The server's position depends on their score. If their score is even, they serve from the right service court. If their score is odd, they serve from the left service court.
