Kristian Ferrell
Wikipedia was founded on 15 January 2001 as a complementary project for Nupedia, a free online English-language encyclopedia project. Nupedia was founded in 2000 and was initially licensed under its own Nupedia Open Content License, but before Wikipedia was founded, Nupedia switched to the GNU Free Documentation License. Wikipedia was founded by Bomis CEO Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, editor-in-chief for Nupedia and later Wikipedia.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Year | 1890 |
| Date | October 11 |
| Founding Organisation | Daughters of the American Revolution |
| Location | Washington D.C. |
| Country | United States of America |
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What You'll Learn
The National Football League (NFL) was founded in 1920
The idea for the NFL was born on September 17, 1920, when a group of men gathered in Canton, Ohio, at the Hupmobile showroom of Ralph Hay, owner of the hometown Bulldogs. The league was initially formalised as the American Professional Football Conference, consisting of Ohio League teams, though some declined to participate. The league was soon renamed the American Professional Football Association, adding teams from New York, Chicago, and other nearby circuits. The APFA changed its name to the National Football League in 1922.
The NFL was the first professional football league to establish a nationwide presence successfully. The league membership gradually stabilised throughout the 1920s and 1930s as the league adopted a more formal organisation. The first official championship game was held in 1933.
The NFL has since become the wealthiest professional sports league in the world by revenue and the sports league with the most valuable teams. It also boasts the highest average attendance of any professional sports league globally, at 67,591.
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NASA was founded in 1958
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, was established in 1958. The creation of NASA was a response to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik I, the world's first artificial satellite, in October 1957. The Sputnik launch caught Americans off guard and sparked fears that the Soviets might be able to send nuclear-armed missiles from Europe to the United States.
In the aftermath of the Sputnik launch, Congress began hearings in November 1957 to develop a long-term space plan. On November 21, 1957, President Eisenhower established the President's Scientific Advisory Committee (PSAC) to advise him on a response to the Soviet launches. The committee's report, released in February 1958, recommended the establishment of a new civilian space agency built around the existing National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).
On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower sent a letter to Congress calling for the creation of a civilian National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) to oversee the U.S. space program. Congress drafted the legislation, and on July 29, 1958, President Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, officially establishing NASA. The agency began operations on October 1, 1958, and absorbed the assets and personnel of the NACA, which was dissolved.
NASA's creation reflected a bipartisan agreement between a Republican President and a Democrat-controlled Congress. It also represented a shift in perspective on space, from a potential battlefield to a realm with scientific and commercial potential. Since its founding, NASA has led most of America's space exploration programs and sponsored numerous expeditions that have yielded valuable knowledge about our universe.
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The United Nations (UN) was founded in 1945
The formation of the UN was preceded by several important events and declarations. In August 1941, Roosevelt and Churchill issued the Atlantic Charter, which affirmed the basic principles of universal human rights and declared their hopes for a better future for the world. In January 1942, Churchill, Roosevelt, Maxim Litvinov of the USSR, and T. V. Soong of China signed the Declaration by United Nations, which was later signed by representatives of 22 other nations. This declaration marked the first official use of the term "United Nations" and committed the Allies to working together for a world free from fear and want.
In 1943, the idea of an international organization to maintain peace and security gained further momentum. At the Quebec Conference in August, Secretary of State Cordell Hull and British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden agreed to draft a declaration calling for "a general international organization, based on the principle [of] sovereign equality of all nations." This was followed by the Moscow Declaration in October, where Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin worked out the Allies' final strategy for winning the war and expressed their commitment to achieving a lasting peace.
In 1944, representatives of China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States met at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C., to draft the charter of a postwar international organization based on the principle of collective security. They recommended a General Assembly of all member states and a Security Council consisting of the Big Four plus six members chosen by the Assembly. The UN Charter was finalized in San Francisco in June 1945, with the participation of representatives from 50 nations, and it was signed on 26 June 1945, formally establishing the United Nations.
Since its founding, the UN has carried out numerous peacekeeping operations and played a significant role in decolonization and social and economic development. It has also been recognized for its work in promoting human rights and international law. The UN has evolved and expanded over the years, with an increasing number of member states and specialized agencies working together to achieve its stated goals and maintain international peace and security.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) was founded in 1948
The WHO was established to address the need for a single, unified, international health authority. The idea for the organization emerged in the context of historical pandemics such as the Black Plague, cholera, smallpox, and typhus, which had devastating impacts on societies. The first international conference on health was convened due to cholera spreading to Europe, although political differences hindered progress.
The WHO's constitution was signed by all 51 countries of the United Nations and 10 other countries on July 22, 1946. It was the first specialized agency of the United Nations to which every member subscribed. The WHO formally began its work on September 1, 1948, and its first meeting of the World Health Assembly concluded on July 24, 1948, with a secured budget of US$5 million for the following year.
Since its founding, the WHO has been committed to advancing health for all. It works with 194 Member States across 6 regions and is present on the ground in 150+ locations. The organization's work is rooted in the principles of equity, integrity, and inclusion outlined in its 1948 Constitution. The WHO leads global efforts to expand universal health coverage, coordinate responses to health emergencies, and promote healthier lives from pregnancy care through old age.
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The European Union (EU) was founded in 1952
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states, covering a large portion of the European continent. The EU was founded in 1952 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which established the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). The ECSC was created to jointly manage the production of coal and steel, two industries considered essential for waging war. By tying their nations' coal and steel industries together, the founding members of the ECSC believed they could prevent future wars and reinforce democracy among their members.
The idea of a united Europe emerged after World War II, as a way to prevent future conflicts and extreme nationalism. In 1946, Winston Churchill called for a "United States of Europe" and a "Council of Europe". This was followed by the 1948 Treaty of Brussels, which established the Western Union and the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), marking the beginning of institutionalised modern European integration. The OEEC managed the Marshall Plan, which provided significant funding for the economic development and integration of Europe.
The Schuman Declaration of 1950, made by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman, proposed the creation of the ECSC and laid the foundation for the development of the EU. The six nations that drafted the Treaty of Paris in 1952 were France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, West Germany, and Italy. These countries were the original six members of the European Communities, the predecessor of the EU.
Over time, the EU has expanded and undergone secessions, growing from six member states to 27. The Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1992, was a significant moment in the history of the EU, addressing the nature of the new European order after the end of the Cold War. The treaty established a three-pillar structure for the EU and led to the creation of the euro, the single currency of Europe. The latest major expansion of the EU occurred in 2013 with the inclusion of Croatia, bringing the total number of member states to 28 before the UK's departure.
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Frequently asked questions
Wikipedia was founded on 15 January 2001. It was created by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.
Jimmy Wales is the co-founder of Wikipedia. He is an entrepreneur and computer programmer.
Wikipedia was created to address the limited access to knowledge provided by publishers such as Encyclopaedia Britannica. It aimed to provide a platform where anyone could write an article without review, generating massive growth and accessibility.
