Helena Frye
In basketball, players can score points by putting the ball through the basket, or 'shooting'. The number of points awarded depends on the type of shot and the distance from the basket. While the most common type of scoring is the 2-point basket, players can also score 1 point. This is awarded when a player is fouled and gets a free attempt to shoot the ball, known as a 'foul shot'.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| What it is called | Foul shots, "And 1" |
| How it is scored | When players are fouled, they get free attempts to shoot the ball |
| Points | 1 point for every successful foul shot |
| Other rules | The remaining nine players on the court must stand in designated locations |
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What You'll Learn
Free throws
In basketball, free throws or foul shots are attempts to score points by shooting from behind the free-throw line without opposition. Each successful free throw is worth one point. Free throws are generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team, similar to penalty shots in other sports. They can also be awarded in other situations, including technical fouls, and when the fouling team has entered the bonus/penalty situation. The number of free throws awarded can vary between one and three, depending on the situation.
In the NBA, a technical foul results in one free-throw attempt for the other team. In NCAA basketball, technical fouls are divided into "Class A" and "Class B", with two and one free throws awarded, respectively. At all levels, the opposing team may choose any player on the court to shoot the free throws and is then awarded possession of the ball afterward.
In NCAA men's basketball, beginning with the seventh foul of the half, one free throw is awarded. If the player makes this first free throw, they are given another one. This is called shooting a "one-and-one". Starting with the tenth foul of the half, two free throws are awarded.
In the NBA, if a player is fouled in the act of shooting and the ball goes in the basket, the player is allowed an “And 1” free throw. If the shot is missed, the player is awarded two free throws.
It can be advantageous for a trailing team to intentionally foul late in a close game. While this allows the leading team to shoot free throws and increase their lead, it also stops the clock. This strategy is seen as a last resort with a low chance of success.
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Layups
There are two types of layups: the underarm and the overarm. The underarm layup, also known as the finger roll, involves using most of the wrist and fingers to 'lay' the ball into the net or off the board. Wilt Chamberlain was one of the early practitioners of this showy move, and it was also used by Mike Bibby and Allen Iverson. The finger roll has many forms, including the "Around the World", which involves a complete circle around the player before the layup, and a variety of faking in the approach to the rim.
The overhand layup is similar to a jump shot but from a much closer range. Overhand layups almost always involve the backboard. Notable players who have used this move include Scottie Pippen and Karl Malone. The Reverse Layup is a type of overhand layup often used to evade a block. It is distinguished by the ball being tossed backward, with the shooter facing away from the basket. It is often employed during a baseline drive, where the attacking player starts on one side of the basket and finishes on the other. Occasionally, a player will stay on the same side of the rim, back to the basket, and shoot a reverse layup; Michael Jordan used this tactic to score against taller defenders.
To create room for a layup, players can use the allotted two steps before the layup attempt. The most common form is the Euro-Step, which was introduced to the NBA by European players. This move relies on agility and footwork to evade larger defenders, although bigger players such as Joel Embiid have also been known to use it. The Euro-Step involves picking up one's dribble, taking one step in one direction, and then quickly taking a step in the other direction to avoid the defender.
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Jump shots
To execute a jump shot, a player leaps straight into the air, with the elbow of the shooting hand cocked and the ball held above the head. The ball is then released in a high arc towards the basket. This technique is advantageous as it is the easiest shot to make from a distance and is more challenging for defenders to block. The height of the player is a crucial factor, as taller players can release the ball from a higher point, requiring a smaller release angle.
There are several variations of the jump shot, including the "turnaround jumper," where the player faces away from the basket, then jumps and spins towards it while shooting. Another variation is the "fadeaway," where the player jumps away from the basket to create space. The "leaning jumper" involves jumping towards the basket to move away from a trailing defender.
The biomechanics of the jump shot involve factors such as release angle and speed, which influence the success rate. The elbow is critical, as keeping it straight and in line with the rim helps maintain accuracy. The shooting arm should form an angle between 45º and 90º, and following through with the shot adds rotation to the ball, keeping it on its trajectory.
Coaches often emphasize the acronym "BEEF" when teaching shooting technique: Balance, Eyes, Elbows, and Follow Through. While individual techniques may vary, maintaining balance is crucial for a successful jump shot.
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Foul shots
In basketball, free throws or foul shots are worth one point. They are unopposed attempts to score points by shooting from behind the free-throw line, with no other players being allowed to occupy the space between the shooter and the basket. Free throws are generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team, similar to penalty shots in other sports. They are also awarded in the case of technical fouls, and when the fouling team has entered the bonus/penalty situation. This occurs when a team commits a requisite number of fouls, with each subsequent foul resulting in free throws regardless of the type committed. The number of free throws awarded can vary between one and three, depending on the situation.
Free throws are an important part of basketball strategy, as a team may intentionally foul a poor free-throw shooter on the opposing team, hoping that they will miss and regain possession of the ball. This strategy can be advantageous for a trailing team late in a close game, as it also stops the clock, similar to a time-out.
There are a number of rules governing free throws. For example, the shooter must release the ball within five seconds (or ten seconds in the US) and must not step on or over the free-throw line until the ball touches the hoop. Players are, however, permitted to jump while attempting the free throw, provided they do not leave the designated area. A violation by the shooter cancels the free throw, while a violation by the defensive team results in a substitute free throw if the shooter misses. If the offensive team violates the rules or a shot misses the hoop, possession of the ball is lost to the defensive team.
If a player is fouled in the act of shooting and the ball goes in the basket, the player is allowed an "And 1" free throw in addition to the points for the basket. If the player misses the shot, they are usually awarded two free throws. In the case of a team committing multiple fouls, the opposing team will be awarded two free throws for each foul after a certain number, which varies depending on the league and the circumstances.
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Inside the three-point line
In basketball, the primary objective is to outscore your opponent. Players can score points by throwing the ball through the basket, or "shooting". The number of points awarded depends on the shot type and the distance from the basket.
If a player shoots the ball through the hoop from anywhere inside the three-point line, they are awarded two points. This can be achieved through a jump shot, layup, or dunk. A layup is when a player lays the ball into the rim, while a slam dunk is when the ball is slammed through the hoop.
The two-point basket is the most common type of scoring in basketball. It can be achieved with a variety of shots, including jump shots, layups, and dunks. These shots are typically taken from inside the three-point line, which is 22 feet away from the basket.
In addition to the standard two-point shots, players can also earn an "and one" by drawing a foul while shooting and making the basket. This gives them one additional free throw, which, if made, results in a total of three points.
Understanding the scoring rules inside the three-point line is crucial for players to maximize their scoring opportunities and develop effective offensive strategies.
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Frequently asked questions
This depends on where the shot is taken from. A shot taken from inside the 3-point line is worth 2 points, while a shot taken from outside the 3-point line is worth 3 points.
A free throw is worth 1 point and is awarded when a player is fouled.
An "and one" is when a player is fouled while shooting, makes the shot, and is then given one free throw. This means they get the points for the basket and one free throw, hence the name "and one".
A 4-point play occurs when a player is fouled while making a 3-point shot and then makes the subsequent free throw.
There are no other ways to score in basketball besides shooting. However, players can be awarded free throws or free shots if they are fouled, which can indirectly lead to scoring.
