Fire Extinguisher Options For Boat Safety

Fire extinguishers are crucial safety equipment on boats, and choosing the right type is essential. The US Coast Guard (USCG) requires boats with potential fire hazards from engines or fuel systems to carry specific fire extinguishers. The number and type of fire extinguishers needed depend on the boat's length and features. Boats under 26 feet require at least one B-I USCG-approved fire extinguisher, while longer vessels may need multiple or larger extinguishers. Fire extinguishers are classified by letter and number, indicating the type and size, with Type B targeting flammable liquids like gasoline, oil, or grease, commonly found on boats. Regular inspections and maintenance of fire extinguishers are crucial, and non-rechargeable extinguishers over 12 years old should be replaced. Understanding fire extinguisher classes and regulations helps boat owners prepare for potential fires and ensure compliance with safety standards.

Fire extinguisher requirements for boats

Fire extinguishers are a critical piece of safety equipment on boats. The requirements for fire extinguishers on boats depend on various factors, including the boat's length, engine type, and the presence of fuel tanks or compartments that can trap fumes. Here are the fire extinguisher requirements for boats:

Boat Length:

The number and type of fire extinguishers required on a boat depend on its length. Here are the general guidelines:

• Boats less than 26 feet in length: If required to carry a fire extinguisher, these boats need at least one B-I or 5-B rated extinguisher.
• Boats between 26 and 40 feet: These boats should have two B-I or 5-B rated extinguishers or one B-II or 20-B rated extinguisher.
• Boats between 40 and 65 feet: This size of boats must carry three B-I or 5-B rated extinguishers or one B-II and one B-I or one 20-B and one 5-B rated extinguisher.
• Boats longer than 65 feet: For these boats, you must refer to federal regulations to determine the specific requirements.

Engine Type and Fuel System:

The presence of an engine and certain fuel system configurations also dictate the need for fire extinguishers on boats:

• Inboard Engines: If a boat has an inboard engine, it is required by law to have a fire extinguisher on board.
• Permanently Installed Fuel Tanks: Boats with permanently installed fuel tanks are required to have fire extinguishers.
• Closed Compartments for Fuel Tanks: If a boat has closed compartments where portable fuel tanks are stored, it needs a fire extinguisher.
• Double Bottom Configuration: Boats with a double bottom that is not sealed to the hull and not completely filled with flotation materials are required to have fire extinguishers.
• Closed Living Spaces: The presence of closed living spaces on a boat necessitates the need for fire extinguishers.

Fire Extinguisher Type and Rating:

• Class B Extinguishers: These are the most common type required on boats, as they are intended for flammable liquid fires, such as those involving gasoline, oil, or grease. The rating (e.g., 5-B, 10-B, or 20-B) indicates the square footage of the fire the extinguisher can put out.
• USCG Approval: Fire extinguishers for boats must be approved for marine use and carry the label "Marine Type – USCG Approved."
• Date Stamp and Serviceability: Fire extinguishers should have a date stamp indicating they are not more than 12 years old. Older extinguishers (B-I or B-II rated) may be used if they are in good serviceable condition.

Maintenance and Accessibility:

• Readily Accessible: Fire extinguishers on boats must be readily accessible and easily reached in the event of a fire.
• Regular Maintenance: Boat owners should perform monthly inspections and maintenance of their fire extinguishers to ensure they are in good working condition. This includes checking the pressure gauge, seals, hose, and discharge nozzle for any damage or obstructions.
• Annual Inspection: Fire extinguishers should be inspected annually to ensure they are properly charged, stored, and undamaged.

Fire extinguisher classes

Fire extinguishers are classified by a letter and a number symbol. The letter indicates the type of fire the unit is designed to extinguish, and the number indicates the size of the extinguisher.

Class A: Combustible Solids

Class A fires have a solid combustible fuel source like wood or paper. You can use water or a Class A fire extinguisher to put out this type of fire.

Class B: Flammable Liquids

Class B fires have a flammable liquid fuel source, like gasoline. Do not use water to put out a Class B fire, as it will spread the fire. Instead, use a Class B fire extinguisher. Gasoline fires are the most common type of boat fire, so marine-rated Class B fire extinguishers are required on most boats.

Class C: Electrical Fires

A Class C fire is an electrical fire. Like a Class B fire, never use water on a Class C fire. Use a Class C fire extinguisher.

Class D: Metal Fires

Class D fire extinguishers are used for metal fires.

Class K: Grease Fires

Class K fire extinguishers are used for grease fires.

Tri-Class Dry Chemical Extinguishers

A tri-class dry chemical extinguisher will meet most boaters' needs. It is effective on Class B and C fires and moderately effective on Class A fires.

Other Types of Extinguishers

Other types of extinguishers include carbon dioxide, halon, and halotron. Carbon dioxide is good for Class B and C fires, while halon and halotron are good for electronic fires.

Fire Extinguisher Ratings

Fire extinguisher labels include ratings that reflect the extinguisher's ability to combat different classes of fires. For example, a 1-A, 10-B:C extinguisher is effective on Class A, B, and C fires, and a 40-B:C extinguisher has four times the extinguishing capacity of a 10-B:C extinguisher.

USCG Fire Extinguisher Requirements

The US Coast Guard requires from one to three extinguishers on pleasure boats, depending on the boat length and whether they have enclosed engine compartments or a permanently-mounted fixed extinguisher system in the engine room. Boats less than 26 feet must carry at least one B-I, Coast Guard-approved fire extinguisher. Boats 26-40 feet must carry two B-I or one B-II Coast Guard-approved fire extinguisher(s). Boats 40-65 feet must carry three B-I or one B-II and one B-I Coast Guard-approved extinguisher.

Fire extinguisher maintenance

Fire extinguishers are crucial safety equipment for boats, especially with fire hazards from engines and fuel systems. To ensure fire extinguishers are in good working condition, regular maintenance is essential. Here are some detailed instructions for fire extinguisher maintenance:

Monthly Inspections:

A monthly inspection of your fire extinguisher is necessary to ensure it is ready for emergencies. Here are the steps to follow:

• Check the gauge to ensure it is fully charged.
• Inspect the seals to ensure they remain unbroken.
• Examine the hose for any cracks or damage, and replace it if necessary.
• For dry chemical extinguishers, weigh the extinguisher to ensure it meets the minimum weight specified on the label.
• Check that the extinguisher is easily accessible and not obstructed.
• Inspect the outside of the extinguisher for any damage, such as dents, cracks, or rust.
• Ensure the needle on the gauge points to the green "charged" portion of the dial.
• Verify that the pin and tamper seal are intact and undamaged.
• Check the hose and nozzle for obstructions, damage, or signs of aging.
• Tip the extinguisher upside down to loosen the extinguishing agent.
• Ensure the label is legible and visible when the extinguisher is mounted.

Annual Maintenance:

In addition to monthly inspections, it is crucial to have a reputable extinguisher maintenance company perform annual maintenance and service. They will thoroughly inspect the extinguisher, recharge or repair it if needed, and replace it if necessary. This inspection may also include hydrostatic testing to assess the extinguisher's pressure vessel integrity.

Recharging and Replacement:

Fire extinguishers should be recharged immediately after each use and periodically throughout their life. Licensed technicians can conduct internal examinations and recharging to ensure the extinguisher's functionality and compliance. Additionally, disposable fire extinguishers must be replaced every 12 years, while rechargeable extinguishers require regular maintenance and servicing.

Training:

It is essential to know how to use a fire extinguisher effectively. Familiarize yourself and your crew with the manufacturer's instructions and the PASS technique: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the lever smoothly, and Sweep from side to side. Local fire departments often offer free fire extinguisher training classes for community members.

Placement and Accessibility:

Ensure that the fire extinguisher is properly distributed, mounted, and easily accessible. It should not be obstructed by other objects, and its location should be known to everyone on board. The extinguisher should be within easy reach in the event of a fire.

Fire extinguisher placement

• Boat Size and Layout: The size and layout of your boat play a significant role in determining extinguisher placement. The US Coast Guard (USCG) has specific requirements for the number and type of fire extinguishers based on boat length. For boats less than 26 feet, one 5-B extinguisher is typically required. Boats between 26 and 40 feet need two 5-B or one 20-B extinguisher, while larger boats may need a combination of 5-B and 20-B extinguishers or federal compliance.
• High-Risk Areas: It is essential to identify areas on your boat that are most susceptible to fires. These include the kitchen or galley, engine compartment, fuel storage areas, and spaces where flammable materials are kept. Place extinguishers near these high-risk locations, ensuring they are easily accessible in an emergency.
• Safe Distance: While placing extinguishers near high-risk areas, maintain a safe distance from objects that could potentially catch fire. For example, keep the extinguisher nearby but not directly next to the fuel tank or engine. Consider placing it in a nearby doorway, allowing you to safely access the extinguisher and approach the fire.
• Visibility and Accessibility: Ensure that fire extinguishers are visible and easily accessible to all passengers on board. Conduct a safety briefing before each journey to make everyone aware of the extinguisher locations. Place extinguishers in areas that are visible from anywhere within the compartment, and ensure they are stored upright and within easy reach.
• Mounting Brackets: Utilize the mounting brackets that come with fire extinguishers. These brackets enhance longevity by keeping the extinguisher secure during high-speed rides. They also improve safety, visibility, and accessibility. With a mounting bracket, you can safely store the extinguisher in an optimal location.
• Federal and Safety Compliance: Stay up to date with federal regulations and safety standards for fire extinguishers. The USCG has specific requirements for boats with certain features, such as enclosed living spaces, permanently installed fuel tanks, enclosed engine compartments, and more. Ensure your boat meets these requirements and stays compliant with any changes in regulations.
• Regular Maintenance: Conduct regular inspections and maintenance of your fire extinguishers to ensure they are in good working condition. This includes checking for leakage, damage, and corrosion, as well as recharging them as per the manufacturer's recommendations. Monthly inspections are ideal to maintain the effectiveness of your fire extinguishers.

Fire extinguisher regulations

Fire extinguishers are a crucial safety feature on boats, especially with the presence of engines and fuel systems that pose fire hazards. The US Coast Guard (USCG) has set regulations and requirements for fire extinguishers on recreational boats, which are classified based on the type of fire they can extinguish and their size or capacity.

Fire Extinguisher Types

Fire extinguishers are labelled with letters indicating the class of fire they are designed to extinguish:

• Class A fire extinguishers are for combustible solids like wood or paper. Water or a Class A fire extinguisher can be used to put out this type of fire.
• Class B fire extinguishers are for flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, or grease commonly found on boats. It is crucial to use a Class B fire extinguisher for this type of fire and not water, as it will only spread the flames.
• Class C fire extinguishers are for electrical fires. Similar to Class B fires, water should not be used on electrical fires, and a Class C fire extinguisher is required.

The most common type of boat fire is a gasoline fire, so a marine-rated Class B fire extinguisher is typically required. However, a Class ABC fire extinguisher, which can handle all three types of fires, is the most recommended option for boats.

Fire Extinguisher Sizing

The number before the letter classification, such as 5-B or 20-B, indicates the square footage of the fire the extinguisher can put out. The specific number and size of fire extinguishers required on a boat depend on its length:

• Boats less than 26 feet require a minimum of one 5-B fire extinguisher.
• Boats between 26 and 40 feet need either two 5-B fire extinguishers or one 20-B fire extinguisher.
• Boats between 40 and 65 feet should have either three 5-B fire extinguishers or one 20-B and one 5-B fire extinguisher.
• For boats longer than 65 feet, refer to federal regulations for specific requirements.

Additional Regulations

In addition to the type and size requirements, there are several other important regulations to consider:

• Fire extinguishers must be readily accessible and within easy reach in the event of a fire.
• They should be mounted on their intended hanger or bracket to ensure they are secure and conspicuous.
• Fire extinguishers must be inspected regularly to ensure they are in good working condition. This includes checking the pressure gauge, seals, hose, and weight (for dry chemical extinguishers).
• Fire extinguishers have an expiration date and must be replaced. Non-rechargeable (disposable) fire extinguishers have a 12-year lifespan, while rechargeable fire extinguishers require annual maintenance by a technician but do not need to be replaced after 12 years.
• Fire extinguishers must be approved for marine use and carry the label "Marine Type – USCG Approved".

Frequently asked questions