Choosing A Boat To Cross The Atlantic Ocean

Crossing the Atlantic Ocean is no small feat, and it requires a sturdy vessel, sailing experience, and practical knowledge to repair anything that goes wrong. The ideal boat for this journey is at least 30 feet long, with 40 feet being the optimal length for both protection and convenience. While it is possible to cross the Atlantic in a smaller boat, it is not recommended due to safety concerns and limited space for supplies and passengers.

The type of boat you choose depends on your preferences and budget. Monohulls are typically between 50 and 55 feet long, while multihulls, such as catamarans, are around 40 feet long. If you're looking for a more traditional option, consider a tall ship or a classic yacht like the Nordhavn, which is often recommended for ocean crossings. On the other hand, if you want a modern and lightweight boat, sailboats like Jeanneau, Beneteau, or Dufour are ideal for calm waters but may not fare as well in adverse weather conditions.

Monohulls vs Catamarans

When it comes to crossing the Atlantic, there are two main types of boats to consider: monohulls and catamarans. Both have their pros and cons, and the best choice depends on various factors such as budget, comfort, safety, and sailing experience. Here is a detailed comparison between the two to help you decide which one is more suitable for your needs.

Monohulls

Monohulls are traditional boats with a single hull that are widely used for Atlantic crossings. They are known for their self-righting ability, which means that if they flop over, they can return to an upright position. This feature adds a sense of safety for those on board. Monohulls are also more affordable, with lower purchase and ownership costs compared to catamarans. If you are budget-conscious, a monohull might be the better option.

However, one of the main drawbacks of monohulls is their tendency to heel or lean to one side when sailing. This can be uncomfortable for the crew and may lead to seasickness and increased crew fatigue. Monohulls also have less living space due to their narrower beam, which can be a consideration if you plan to spend extended periods on board.

Catamarans

Catamarans, on the other hand, offer greater stability and comfort due to their dual-hull design. They are faster, more spacious, and provide a smoother sailing experience as they don't heel like monohulls. The extra space makes them ideal for accommodating more people or carrying additional equipment. Catamarans also have shallower drafts, allowing them to anchor closer to shore, which can be advantageous when exploring shallow waters or seeking shelter during storms.

However, one of the biggest concerns with catamarans is their inability to self-right if they capsize. While it is unlikely for a catamaran to flip, it is a major challenge to right it if it does. Catamarans also tend to be more expensive, both in terms of purchase price and maintenance. The wider beam can make docking and finding a slip more challenging and costly.

Both monohulls and catamarans have their strengths and weaknesses. Monohulls are generally more affordable, self-righting, and better suited for serious offshore sailing. On the other hand, catamarans offer greater stability, speed, and comfort, making them ideal for those who want a smoother sailing experience and more living space. Ultimately, the decision between a monohull and a catamaran depends on your personal preferences, budget, and the specific requirements of your Atlantic crossing journey.

Fuel capacity for motor yachts

Motor yachts vary in the amount of fuel they can hold, depending on their size. Smaller yachts can hold around 1300 gallons of fuel, while larger vessels can store up to 100,000 gallons. The fuel capacity of a yacht is a crucial factor when planning a transatlantic crossing, as there are no refuelling options along the way.

The amount of fuel required for a transatlantic crossing depends on several factors, including the size of the yacht, its cruising speed, and the engine type and horsepower. A yacht's cruising speed is typically measured in knots (nautical miles per hour). To estimate the fuel consumption, you can use the formula: fuel burn per hour x cruising speed multiplier. For example, a yacht travelling at 20 knots for 150 nautical miles will take 7.5 hours, requiring 7500 gallons of fuel.

Additionally, it is recommended to carry extra fuel as a safety precaution. A good rule of thumb is to have at least 1.5 times the amount of fuel you anticipate needing. The cost of fuel also varies depending on the marina, with average diesel prices ranging from $3.2 to $3.9 per gallon, and average petrol prices ranging from $7.2 to $7.8 per gallon.

When planning a transatlantic crossing, it is essential to carefully calculate the required fuel capacity and consider the various factors that can impact fuel consumption. This will ensure a safe and successful voyage.

Sailboat preparation

The ideal sailboat to cross the Atlantic Ocean is at least 30 feet long, with 40 feet being the ideal length for both protection and comfort. If you plan to bring additional crew members on your voyage, you may need an even larger boat.

Before setting sail, it is crucial to conduct a complete overhaul of your sailboat. This includes introducing a new sail, checking the engine, and ensuring the boat is habitable for the duration of your journey. Watertight plastic boxes with necessary spare parts and food are also essential to prepare for different weather conditions and any potential storms.

To ensure safety, it is recommended to have the following items on board:

• Flares (3 large and 2 small)
• A GPS device with spare batteries
• One neoprene per person
• Small first-aid kit
• Flashlight with batteries

Additionally, it is important to be knowledgeable about your sailboat and its technical aspects. Check that all communications equipment and satellite phones are functioning properly. Be aware of the weather forecast and try to avoid sailing during cyclone or hurricane seasons.

When it comes to the type of sailboat, monohulls are the most common choice for crossing the Atlantic, accounting for roughly 70% of boats that make the journey. Catamarans are generally faster, more spacious, and rock less but come with the risk of flipping over.

Finally, the best time to sail the Atlantic is during autumn, allowing you to enjoy the winter in the Caribbean and return to Spain during spring. This also helps you avoid storms and hurricanes.

Safety considerations

Safety is a crucial aspect of crossing the Atlantic, and here are some essential considerations to keep in mind:

• Boat Safety: Choose a boat that is ocean-worthy and in good condition. Ensure it has been well-maintained and is suitable for the journey, considering factors such as size, construction, and stability. The ideal boat length for crossing the Atlantic is typically between 30 and 50 feet.
• Weather Conditions: Avoid sailing during the cyclone season, and prefer crossing during autumn to enjoy pleasant weather and lower the risk of hurricanes and tropical storms. Stay updated with weather forecasts to avoid potential storms and adverse conditions.
• Man Overboard: Implement safety measures to prevent people from falling overboard, such as instructing everyone to be cautious when walking on the deck and avoiding going outside at night.
• Collision Avoidance: Utilize radars and guards to avoid collisions with cargo ships and other vessels. Stay on alert and maintain a proper lookout to ensure a safe distance from other boats.
• Emergency Preparedness: Prepare a watertight bag containing essential items such as flares, a charged GPS with spare batteries, neoprene suits, a small first-aid kit, and a flashlight with batteries. Ensure everyone on board knows the safety protocols and procedures in case of an emergency.
• Communication Systems: Check and test all communication devices, including satellite phones, before embarking on the journey. This will ensure you can stay connected and seek help if needed.
• Food and Water: Pack adequate food and water supplies to last the entire journey, considering possible delays. Stock up on non-perishable items and ensure proper storage to prevent spoilage.
• Fuel: If using a motorboat, calculate the required fuel and ensure you have enough for the entire trip. Consider fuel stabilizers to extend its lifespan, and allocate sufficient storage space on board.
• Sailing Experience: Ensure at least one person on board has significant sailing experience and knowledge of boat mechanics. This is crucial for handling any repairs or technical issues that may arise during the journey.
• Safety Equipment: Equip the boat with all the necessary safety gear, such as life jackets, emergency signals, and any other specific items recommended for ocean crossings.

Choosing a route

When it comes to choosing a route for crossing the Atlantic, there are several factors to consider, including weather conditions, safety, and the location of departure and arrival ports. Here are some important considerations to help you plan your journey:

• Weather Conditions: The best time to start your crossing is during autumn, as you can avoid the cyclone season and enjoy the winter in the Caribbean. By the time you return, it will be spring, and you'll have missed the harsh winter weather.
• Safety: It is crucial to be well-prepared and informed about potential dangers. Hurricanes and tropical storms are the main threats during an Atlantic crossing. Choosing a route closer to the equator, such as the one from Southern Europe to the Caribbean, can reduce the risk of encountering these storms. Additionally, ensure you have the necessary safety equipment, such as watertight plastic boxes for spare parts and food, flares, a GPS with spare batteries, neoprene suits, and a first-aid kit.
• Departure and Arrival Ports: The Canary Islands, Madeira, and Cape Verde are commonly used as departure points for Atlantic crossings due to their favourable trade winds. These ports offer a good starting point for your journey. As for arrival ports, if you're crossing from Southern Europe to the Caribbean, you'll likely stop at Cape Verde before continuing to your final destination.
• Previous Experience: If you're new to sailing, consider gaining some experience before embarking on an Atlantic crossing. You can join organised trips or crew on boats to familiarise yourself with sailing techniques and safety procedures. This will help you build the skills and confidence needed for a successful crossing.
• Boat Type and Size: The type and size of your boat will also influence your route. Monohulls and catamarans are common choices, with monohulls being the more popular option. The ideal length for a monohull is around 50 feet, while multihulls are usually around 40 feet. A larger boat generally provides more comfort and stability, but it's important to consider the number of people on board and your specific needs.
• Personal Preferences: Finally, consider your personal preferences and the experience you want to have. Do you prefer a more adventurous trip with stops along the way, or a faster, more direct route? Are there specific places you want to visit or avoid? These factors will help determine the route that best suits your goals and interests.

Remember to do thorough research, consult with experienced sailors, and carefully plan your route to ensure a safe and enjoyable Atlantic crossing.

Frequently asked questions