Effective Boat Communication: Best Practices For Sailors

When it comes to communication on a boat, there are a variety of options available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. One of the most popular methods is the use of Very High Frequency (VHF) radios, which have been the primary means of communication for vessels in the United States for many years. These radios are typically used for distress calling, ship-to-shore communication, navigation, and obtaining weather updates. Other options include cell phones, Family Radio Service (FRS) radios, Citizen Band (CB) radios, and satellite communication devices. While cell phones offer convenience, they may have limited range and can be expensive to operate. FRS radios are perfect for outdoor trips and communication within a boat, while CB radios provide economical access to two-way radio communication. Satellite communication devices, such as the Iridium GO Satellite Hotspot, offer global coverage and the ability to exchange text messages and make voice calls. Ultimately, the best way to communicate on a boat depends on factors such as range, reliability, and cost, with many boaters opting to use a combination of these devices to stay connected and safe while at sea.

Satellite phones

For those seeking more advanced features, the Iridium GO! Exec Marine Kit provides voice and internet services. This kit includes a docking station and a mast antenna, enhancing the satellite phone's functionality.

The Iridium GO! Exec, released in early 2023, is another notable device. This unit can be used as a standalone speakerphone or connected to a smartphone to make calls, download weather files, and send messages. It also offers an optional external aerial for fixed ship installation.

When choosing a satellite phone, it is important to consider factors such as durability, waterproofing, battery life, internal GPS, and data usage requirements. Additionally, it is worth noting that satellite communication services often come with varying costs and data plans, so it is essential to research and select the most suitable option for your sailing needs and budget.

Two-way radios

Some two-way radios offer NOAA weather alerts, keeping you informed of sudden changes in the weather. They are also useful in small marinas or houseboat communities, providing an extended communication range and a simple safety feature that cell phones may not offer.

However, it's important to note that two-way radios should not be a substitute for a true marine radio for most boating situations. They have shorter ranges and lack the necessary features for extended boating trips. But for a weekend boater on a small lake, they can be a good, cost-effective option.

When using two-way radios, it's important to follow proper radio etiquette. This includes keeping transmissions short and concise, using proper prowords like "over" and "out," and being mindful that your conversations can be heard by anyone with a radio or scanner. Additionally, ensure you have the necessary licenses and permits to operate the radios legally.

Ship-to-shore communications

There are a variety of ways to communicate ship-to-shore, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

VHF Radios

VHF (Very High Frequency) radios are the primary means of communication for vessels in the US. They are used for distress calling, safety, ship-to-shore communications, navigation, and obtaining supplies and services. They are monitored 24 hours a day, seven days a week by the US Coast Guard. They are also handy for telephone calls to shore, marina reservations, and communicating with commercial and recreational vessels.

VHF radios come with a choice of transmitter power: one watt for very close communication (approximately one mile or less) or twenty-five watts for extended communication (up to approximately twenty-five miles). They are relatively affordable, with prices starting at $150 for a basic model and going up to $1500 for a full-featured unit.

However, it's important to note that VHF radios are public forums, and anyone can listen in on conversations. Additionally, the range of VHF radios is limited by the height of the antennas of both the receiving and transmitting stations, as well as the power output of the transmitting station.

Cell Phones

Cell phones are very convenient for ship-to-shore communication, allowing easy communication with land-based people and businesses. They should be used in tandem with a VHF radio for added reliability.

However, cell phones have shorter ranges and are less reliable on the water. Most are not water-resistant, and their range is typically limited to line-of-sight. Additionally, cell phones can be expensive to operate, and communication power is limited as the other ship must also have a cell phone.

Family Radio Service Radios

Family Radio Service Radios are perfect for outdoor trips and can be used for communication on land and while still on the boat. They have a range of 1-2 miles and are line-of-sight, similar to VHF radios and cell phones. However, they have limited battery power and no dedicated emergency channel.

Citizen Band (CB) Radios

CB Radios are intended to provide economical access to two-way radio communication for the general public. They are allocated 40 specific frequencies, commonly referred to as channels 1-40. CB radios have a typical range of five miles.

However, there are some pitfalls to using CB radios on the water. Not all boats are equipped with CB radios, making contact difficult. Additionally, channel noise and station traffic can be heavy, and the Coast Guard does not monitor the emergency channel.

Single Sidebands (SSBs)

SSBs operate in the medium frequency (MF) and/or high-frequency (HF) bands, providing reliable direct-voice communications over distances exceeding 25 miles. They are commonly available with an output power of 50-150 watts.

SSBs offer greater range than VHF radios, especially at night, but they require a large ground plane for their signals, which can be challenging to install on non-metal hulls. Antenna selection and installation are also more complicated for SSBs.

Satellite Communications

Satellite communications, such as Iridium, offer worldwide voice communication through small hand-held telephones. The Iridium system, for example, uses 66 satellites to forward voice phone calls and relay conversations to ground stations.

Satellite communications provide reliable connectivity, even when vessels are far out at sea, making them ideal for situations where instant communication is critical, such as in accidents or emergencies.

In addition to the above options, other technologies like microwave-based ship-to-shore communications and email communications via satellite broadband are also available for ship-to-shore communications.

Mobile phones

If you want to use your mobile phone, there are a few things you can do to avoid high costs. Firstly, put your phone in airplane mode when you leave port to avoid connecting to an at-sea provider. If you want to send texts, receive emails, or make calls, you can prearrange a cruise ship package with your carrier that includes text, talk, and data. Some larger carriers like Verizon and T-Mobile offer special rates and packages for cruise ships.

Another option is to use Wi-Fi calling through your carrier. Most major cell phone carriers provide a way to make phone calls via an internet connection instead of a cell phone connection. This can be done by putting your device in airplane mode and connecting to Wi-Fi.

Additionally, there are apps that can be used for free voice and text communication, such as WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and WeChat. These apps can be used whenever you have a Wi-Fi connection.

It is important to note that anything relying on a cellular connection can be unreliable on the water, especially in remote areas with weak signals. If you have an emergency, try calling 9-1-1 on your phone if you have any signal, but also consider having a two-way VHF marine radio as a backup.

Satellite hotspots

There are a few options for satellite hotspots, including the Iridium Go! Satellite Wi-Fi Hotspot and the Zoleo Satellite Communicator. The Iridium Go! offers 10 minutes of calls and 10 texts for $65 a month. The Zoleo Satellite Communicator offers 25 messages for $20 a month.

The main advantage of a satellite hotspot over a basic satellite phone is smartphone compatibility. This means you can continue to use your actual smartphone and take advantage of extra features.

Frequently asked questions