Andrew Pace
Badminton is a racquet sport that can be played either as singles or doubles. Matches are played in a best-of-three format, with each game played up to 21 points. To win the match, a player or pair must win two games. If the score reaches 20-20, the game continues until one side has a two-point lead. If the score reaches 29-29, the first side to score 30 points wins.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of games to win a match | 2 out of 3 |
| Number of points to win a game | 21 |
| Points to win if score is 20-20 | 2 clear points |
| Points to win if score is 29-29 | 30 |
| Change of ends | Conclusion of the first game, end of the second game, and in the third game when one side reaches 11 points |
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What You'll Learn
Scoring rules
Badminton is played in a best-of-three format, with each game played up to 21 points. The first side to reach 21 points wins the game, but they must win by two clear points if the score reaches 20-20. If the score reaches 29-29, the first side to reach 30 points wins the game. In the third game, players change ends when one side reaches 11 points.
A point is scored on every serve and is awarded to the side that wins the rally. The winning side gets to serve next. In doubles, the server starts on the right-hand side and keeps serving, alternating sides with their teammate as long as they keep winning points. If the receiving side wins a point, they assume the serve. In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first.
During a point, a player can return the shuttlecock from inside or outside the court, but they cannot touch the net with any part of their body or racquet. The shuttlecock cannot bounce, and players are not allowed to hit it twice. A 'let' may be called by the referee if there is an unforeseen or accidental issue, such as a disturbance or the shuttlecock touching an overhead rail in small halls. In this case, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score.
Badminton matches consist of two rest periods: a 90-second rest after the first game and a 5-minute rest after the second game.
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Badminton's global expansion
Badminton is a lawn or court game played with lightweight rackets and a shuttlecock, which is also known as a "birdie" or "bird". The sport's roots can be traced to ancient Greece, China, and India, with the game's first players in England being British soldiers stationed in India in the early 1800s. The name "badminton" comes from the country estate of the 9th Duke of Beaufort, Henry Somerset, where it was first played in Gloucestershire around 1873. The first major badminton tournament was held in England in 1873, and the sport has been growing in popularity ever since.
The International Badminton Federation (now the Badminton World Federation or BWF) was formed on July 5, 1934, as the sport's governing body, and its first world championships were held in 1977. The inclusion of badminton as a demonstration event at the 1992 Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona gave the sport a boost in Europe and America, leading to more media coverage and public interest. The first World Championships held outside Asia took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1993, further raising badminton's global profile.
Badminton is now a popular sport worldwide, with millions of people playing it every year. It is particularly popular in Southeast Asia, China, India, and Indonesia, which are home to some of the world's best players. The sport has strong ties to its Asian roots, with Asia contributing 70% of participants in the sport globally as of 2023. The expansion of badminton in the Asia Pacific region has been supported by government initiatives and funding for sports development, with China spending around $150 million on badminton infrastructure in 2023.
The popularity of badminton in new regions, particularly the Asia Pacific, has driven the demand for quality gear and apparel, supported by rising disposable incomes and a focus on health and wellness. The global badminton market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8% from 2024 to 2030, with brands focusing on advanced materials, ergonomic designs, and extensive distribution networks to cater to both amateur and professional players.
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Badminton court dimensions
A badminton court is rectangular and divided in half by a net. The court can be marked for singles or doubles games, with boundary widths varying between the two match types. The length of a standard badminton court is 13.4 metres or 44 feet, but the width differs depending on whether a singles or doubles game is being played. For singles, the width is 5.18 metres or 17 feet, whereas for doubles, the width is 6.1 metres or 20 feet. The full court measures 14.723 metres diagonally.
The court has two halves, each measuring 6.7 metres or 22 feet, separated by a net that stands at a height of 1.55 metres or 5 feet and 1 inch at the ends. The net dips to a height of 1.52 metres or 5 feet in the middle. The two playing areas on either side of the net are further vertically divided down the middle, demarcating the service areas.
The service courts are split by a centre line dividing the width of the court and are set back from the net by a 'short service line' of 1.98 metres or 6.5 feet. Doubles games also require a 'long service line' that is placed 0.76 metres or 2.5 feet in from the back boundary.
Clearances of 0.61 metres or 2 feet should be provided around the entire badminton court. The court should be surfaced with safe flooring materials for gameplay, including wood, synthetic, and rubber flooring options.
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Badminton's Olympic history
Badminton is a popular sport with a passionate global fan following. It is a regular fixture at the Olympics, with five disciplines: men's and women's singles and doubles, and mixed doubles, which was introduced at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. The sport made its debut as a demonstration event at the 1972 Munich Olympics, and was officially included in the Olympic programme at the 1992 Barcelona Games.
Badminton is a racket-and-shuttle game played on a court by two players or doubles teams. The sport takes its name from Badminton House, the English country home of the Duke of Beaufort in Gloucestershire. The Duke is credited with bringing an early version of the game called Poona from India in 1873, introducing it to his guests. The sport's popularity grew, and in 1877, the first set of written rules were created by the newly formed Bath Badminton Club. The Badminton Federation of England was established 16 years later, and in 1899, it organised the first All England Championships.
Olympic badminton consists of a group stage and a single-elimination tournament. Each match is played as the best of three games, with each game going up to 21 points. If the score reaches 20-20, a side must win by two clear points. If the score goes to 29-29, the first to score their 30th point wins. Rally scoring is used, meaning a player does not need to be serving to score. In singles, a badminton court is 13.41m (44ft) long and 5.18m (17ft) wide. The width extends to 6.1m (20ft) in doubles.
China has dominated Olympic badminton, being the only country to achieve a shutout of medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Indonesia is the second most successful country in Olympic badminton, with eight golds, followed by other strong badminton nations like Malaysia, Japan, and India.
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Badminton equipment
Badminton is a fast-paced, fun, and exciting sport that requires speed, agility, quickness, strategy, and excellent hand-eye coordination. To play, you'll need the following equipment:
Racquets
Also known as rackets or paddles, racquets are one of the most important pieces of equipment in badminton. When selecting a racquet, consider factors such as weight, shaft flexibility, and balance.
Shuttlecocks
The shuttlecock, also known as the birdie, is badminton's unique "ball". It is cone-shaped and made of feathers or synthetic material attached to a cork or rubber base. The shuttlecock's shape ensures that it always flies cork-first when struck. It typically weighs between 4.74 and 5.5g and is between 62-70mm long.
Nets
A net is required to play badminton. The net should be 1.55m (5ft 1in) high at the ends and 1.52m (5ft) high in the middle.
Standards
You will also need two standards from which to suspend the net.
Court
The badminton court dimensions vary depending on whether you are playing singles or doubles. For singles, the court is 13.41m (44ft) long and 5.18m (17ft) wide. For doubles, the width extends to 6.1m (20ft).
Other
Other equipment you may need includes badminton shoes, bags, and accessories such as grip tape and replacement strings for your racquet.
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Frequently asked questions
The best of three games in badminton is simply called a 'match'.
To win a badminton match, a player or pair must win two games, with each game played up to 21 points.
The best of three games format has been a part of badminton for a long time. However, the specific rules have evolved. In 2006, the Badminton World Federation (BWF) changed the scoring system to "rally point", allowing both players to score a point during a rally, regardless of who served.
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