Kristian Ferrell
Efficiency in basketball is a complex topic, with many different formulas and methods used to evaluate a player's performance. The most common statistical benchmark is the efficiency rating, which is a composite statistic derived from individual stats such as points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks. This rating aims to quantify a player's overall value and impact on the game, accounting for both offensive and defensive contributions. While efficiency ratings are widely used, they are not perfect and tend to favor offense-oriented players due to the challenges of quantifying defensive performance. Shot selection, playing style, and pace of play are also factors that can impact a player's efficiency rating. In high school basketball, a good efficiency rating is important for players aspiring to compete at the college or professional level, as it provides a quantitative measure of their performance and potential.
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What You'll Learn
The average efficiency rating for high school basketball players
Efficiency in basketball is a statistical benchmark for comparing the overall value of players. It is a composite statistic derived from basic individual statistics such as points, rebounds, assists, steals, blocks, turnovers, and shot attempts. While efficiency accounts for both offensive and defensive contributions, it is generally thought that efficiency ratings favour offensive players as defence is difficult to quantify with currently tabulated statistics.
There are several methods to calculate efficiency, including the Performance Index Rating (PIR) used in the EuroLeague and Eurocup, and the Player Efficiency Rating (PER) used in the NBA. PER, developed by ESPN basketball statistician John Hollinger, is a complex calculation designed to compensate for different teams' varying styles of play, among other factors. PER strives to measure a player's per-minute performance, while adjusting for pace. A league-average PER is 15, which serves as a benchmark to quickly compare players and indicate their approximate net worth to an NBA franchise. A "great" player will have a rating in the mid to high 20s, while a rating above the low twenties is considered star quality.
The efficiency rating for high school basketball players is likely to be similar to the NCAA, which is the level directly below the NBA. In the 2014-15 season, Wisconsin's Frank Kaminsky led the NCAA PER rankings with a rating of 35.70. This is significantly higher than the average NBA player's PER of 15, but it is important to note that Kaminsky was a highly-rated prospect who was expected to be a high draft choice.
While I cannot find specific information on the average efficiency rating for high school basketball players, it is likely to be lower than the average NCAA rating of 15, as high school players are less experienced and skilled than college players. However, the average rating will also depend on the level of competition and the specific league or tournament being played.
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Factors that contribute to a good efficiency rating
Several factors contribute to a good efficiency rating in high school basketball. Efficiency ratings are calculated using a variety of metrics that assess a player's performance during a game, season, or career. Here are some factors that can influence a player's efficiency rating:
Statistical Performance
The player efficiency rating (PER) is a widely used metric developed by basketball analyst John Hollinger. It is a comprehensive rating system that considers various statistical categories to evaluate a player's performance. The PER formula adds positive statistics, such as field goals, free throws, 3-pointers, assists, rebounds, blocks, and steals, and subtracts negative statistics, including missed shots, turnovers, and personal fouls. The rating is then adjusted to a per-minute basis, allowing for comparisons between players with different playing times.
Value to the Team
Efficiency ratings aim to quantify a player's value and impact on their team. This includes considering both offensive and defensive contributions. While efficiency ratings tend to favour offence-oriented players due to the challenge of quantifying defensive performance, defensive metrics like defensive player rating (DPR) can also be used to assess a player's defensive prowess and impact on their team.
Pace and Style of Play
Good efficiency ratings also take into account the varying styles of play and pace of the game. The PER, for example, adjusts for pace by considering the number of minutes played and the team's overall pace. This ensures that players are not solely judged on their statistics but also on their impact relative to the pace and style of their team's play.
Comparison to Other Players
Efficiency ratings facilitate comparisons between players, both within the same team and across different teams and eras. These comparisons can help identify the top performers and inform decisions about player recruitment and team strategies.
Limitations and Drawbacks
It is important to acknowledge that efficiency ratings are not perfect and have certain limitations. For instance, the PER has been criticised for potentially overvaluing players with high contributions in limited minutes and undervaluing versatile players who can play starter's minutes. Additionally, the PER may reward inefficient shooting and can be challenging to calculate for players from different generations due to changes in rules and statistical data collection.
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Examples of high efficiency ratings in the NBA
In professional basketball, efficiency ratings are composite basketball statistics that account for a player's offensive and defensive contributions. While efficiency ratings are thought to favour offence-oriented players, they remain the most commonly used statistical benchmark for comparing the overall value of players.
The most commonly used efficiency rating is the player efficiency rating (PER), developed by ESPN basketball statistician John Hollinger. A PER of 15 is considered average across the league, while a PER of 30 over a few games is considered exceptionally high.
Some of the highest PERs in history belong to some of the greatest players. Here are some examples of players with high efficiency ratings in the NBA:
- Nikola Jokic: Jokic broke Wilt Chamberlain's 32.08 PER record, which stood for 60 years, with a PER of 32.85 in the 2021-22 NBA season.
- Michael Jordan, LeBron James, and Nikola Jokić: These players lead with four 30+ PER seasons each.
- Shaquille O'Neal, Wilt Chamberlain, Giannis Antetokounmpo, and Joel Embiid: These players have accomplished three 30+ PER seasons each.
- Anthony Davis: Davis has accomplished two 30+ PER seasons.
- David Robinson, Tracy McGrady, Dwyane Wade, Stephen Curry, Russell Westbrook, Chris Paul, and James Harden: These players have each achieved one 30+ PER season.
In addition to these players, others like Kawhi Leonard and Paul George, and Giannis Antetokounmpo have also positively impacted their team's offensive ratings.
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Limitations of efficiency ratings
While efficiency ratings are a useful tool in basketball to assess a player's worth to a team, they do have some limitations.
Firstly, the most commonly used efficiency rating systems, such as EFF and PER, are considered to favour offensive-oriented players over those specialising in defence. This is because defence is more challenging to quantify with currently tabulated statistics. For instance, DER (Defensive Efficiency Rating) is difficult to monitor for individual performances and depends on the defensive performance of the entire team. As a result, efficiency ratings may not provide a comprehensive evaluation of a player's defensive contributions.
Additionally, PER has been criticised for potentially overvaluing players who contribute in limited minutes or against weaker opposition. It may also undervalue players who are versatile enough to play starter's minutes. For example, a player who makes many inefficient shots can still achieve a high PER rating if they exceed the break-even point for field goal attempts. This could incentivise players to prioritise shooting over other aspects of their game.
Efficiency ratings also have limitations when used to compare players from different generations or teams with varying styles of play. For instance, a decrease in efficiency later in a player's career can cause their overall career efficiency rating to drop. This makes it challenging to compare players from different eras accurately. Similarly, efficiency ratings may not fully account for the different styles of play and strategies employed by teams, which can impact a player's performance and statistics.
Furthermore, while efficiency ratings can provide valuable insights into a player's performance, they should not be the sole factor in evaluating a player. Other factors, such as leadership, court awareness, and intangibles, are crucial to a player's overall impact on a team but may not be fully captured by efficiency ratings.
Lastly, it is important to note that efficiency ratings are based on statistical analysis, which relies on accurate and comprehensive data collection. Inaccurate or incomplete data can lead to biased or flawed efficiency ratings. Therefore, the person assigned to chart efficiency ratings must be familiar with the system and able to accurately "tag" each play or possession.
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How to improve efficiency ratings
Efficiency in basketball is a composite statistic that sums up all the positive actions of a player on the court, such as points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks, and subtracts all the negatives, such as missed shots and turnovers. While there is no specific established way to judge an athlete's performance, efficiency ratings are a widely used and accepted metric in basketball.
To improve efficiency ratings, here are some strategies:
Understand the Basics of Efficiency Ratings
Firstly, it's important to understand the fundamentals of efficiency ratings and the specific metrics used to calculate them. As mentioned earlier, efficiency ratings in basketball typically account for both offensive and defensive contributions. By understanding the specific components that make up the efficiency rating, players, coaches, and analysts can identify areas of improvement and develop targeted strategies.
Focus on Individual Strengths and Team Collaboration
Improving individual skills and ensuring that each player's strengths are optimized for the benefit of the team is crucial. This can lead to better shot selection and reduce missed shots. Advanced analytics tools, such as shooting heat maps, can help players and teams identify areas of the court where they have a higher percentage of successful shots, contributing to improved efficiency.
Develop a Consistent Rebounding Strategy
Rebounding is a critical aspect of the game that can significantly impact efficiency ratings. Both offensive and defensive rebounding strategies should be implemented with a focus on attitude and desire. Boxing out the rebound and dodging defenders to gain possession can be key to improving efficiency, as it gives the team more opportunities to score and reduces the opponent's scoring chances.
Monitor and Adapt to Different Styles of Play
Efficiency ratings, particularly the Player Efficiency Rating (PER), take into account the varying styles of play of different teams. It's important for players and coaches to understand these differences and adapt their strategies accordingly. This may include adjusting to the pace of the game, utilizing different offensive and defensive tactics, or exploiting specific strengths and weaknesses of opposing players.
Track Progress and Compare with Peers
Efficiency ratings provide a quantitative method to compare players' performance across different eras and teams. By tracking efficiency ratings over time, players can identify areas of improvement and set specific goals. Additionally, comparing efficiency ratings with peers can help players understand their relative strengths and weaknesses, providing motivation and guidance for further development.
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Frequently asked questions
Efficiency in basketball is measured in several ways, including the player efficiency rating (PER), which is considered the most comprehensive. In this system, the average player has a rating of 15, while a "great" player will have a rating in the mid to high 20s. Only 33 players have posted a season efficiency rating over 30.
The player efficiency rating, developed by ESPN basketball statistician John Hollinger, measures a player's per-minute performance while adjusting for pace. It takes into account positive results such as field goals, free throws, 3-pointers, assists, rebounds, blocks, and steals, as well as negative results such as missed shots, turnovers, and personal fouls.
A player can improve their efficiency rating by focusing on shot selection and developing good habits, such as boxing out for rebounds. Additionally, improving defensive skills can positively impact the rating, although defensive efficiency can be challenging to measure accurately.
