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In basketball, a flagrant foul is a personal foul that involves excessive or violent contact that could injure the fouled player. The National Basketball Association (NBA) categorizes flagrant fouls into two types: Flagrant Foul 1 (FF1) and Flagrant Foul 2 (FF2). A flagrant 1 foul is deemed unnecessary contact committed by a player against an opponent. The player committing the foul is penalized, but the contact is not deemed severe enough to warrant an ejection. If a player receives two flagrant 1 fouls in the same game, then that action results in an automatic ejection.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Type of foul | Personal foul |
| Nature of contact | Excessive, violent, unnecessary, severe, illegal, non-excessive, accidental |
| Body parts involved | Elbow, shoulder, opponent's face, opponent's head, opponent's shoulders, opponent's back, opponent's groin |
| Player action | Swinging, striking, elbowing, shoving, blocking, knocking, hitting, not making a play on the ball |
| Player intent | Unintentional, purposeful |
| Player punishment | Penalty points, fines, ejection, suspension, disqualification, free throws for the opposing team, opposing team retains possession |
| Number of fouls | Two technical fouls, two flagrant 1 fouls, one flagrant 2 foul |
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What You'll Learn
Flagrant 1 vs. Flagrant 2 fouls
In basketball, a flagrant foul is a personal foul that involves excessive or violent contact that could injure the fouled player. A flagrant foul may be unintentional or purposeful; the latter type is also called an "intentional foul" in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The NBA categorizes flagrant fouls into two types: Flagrant Foul 1 (FF1) and Flagrant Foul 2 (FF2).
A Flagrant 1 foul (or unsportsmanlike foul in women's basketball) involves excessive or severe contact during a live ball, including when a player swings an elbow and makes illegal, non-excessive contact with an opponent above the shoulders. This offense includes the former "intentional foul" of fouling an opposing player to prevent an easy breakaway score. In women's basketball only, the unsportsmanlike foul also includes contact dead-ball technical fouls. The penalty for a flagrant 1 or unsportsmanlike foul is two free throws and a throw-in for the opposing team at the out-of-bounds spot nearest the foul. The player committing the foul is penalized but the contact is not deemed severe enough to warrant an ejection.
A Flagrant 2 foul (or disqualifying foul in women's basketball) involves unsportsmanlike conduct that is extreme in nature, including when a player swings an elbow excessively and makes contact above the shoulders, or excessive or severe contact during a dead ball (men only). A Flagrant 2 foul is considered both unnecessary and excessive, and involves contact that is deemed more severe. This type of foul typically results in the ejection of the player committing the foul from the game.
The penalties for flagrant fouls are significantly harsher than those for normal fouls, emphasizing the rule's role in discouraging dangerous play. The opposing team is awarded two free throws and retains possession of the ball for both Flagrant 1 and Flagrant 2 fouls. The player who committed a Flagrant 1 foul is not ejected, but the foul counts towards their personal and team foul count. However, the player who committed a Flagrant 2 foul is ejected from the game, and this type of foul also impacts the ejected player's eligibility in following games, subject to review by the league.
The FIBA (International Basketball Federation) basketball rules have similar fouls but use different terms. FIBA's unsportsmanlike foul is comparable to a Flagrant 1, while its disqualifying foul is similar to a Flagrant 2. Two unsportsmanlike fouls by the same player in one game, or one unsportsmanlike and one technical foul, result in the automatic ejection of that player. FIBA's disqualifying foul results in the immediate ejection of the offender.
The NBA has a "penalty points" system, where players committing a Flagrant 1 or Flagrant 2 are assessed one or two penalty points, respectively. During the regular season, accumulating more than five points results in an automatic suspension. During the NBA playoffs, suspensions of one or two games are given for every penalty point a player accrues above three.
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Unnecessary contact
In basketball, a flagrant foul is a personal foul that involves excessive or violent contact that could injure the fouled player. The National Basketball Association (NBA) established the flagrant foul to deter contact that, in addition to being against the rules, puts an opponent's safety or health at risk. Flagrant fouls are most often called when a referee observes contact that goes beyond the normal scope of physical gameplay.
The NBA categorizes flagrant fouls into two types: Flagrant Foul 1 (FF1) and Flagrant Foul 2 (FF2). Flagrant Foul 1 is deemed unnecessary contact committed by a player against an opponent. The player committing the foul is penalized, but the contact is not deemed severe enough to warrant an ejection. The opposing team is awarded two free throws and retains possession of the ball. The player who committed the foul is not ejected, but the foul counts towards their personal and team foul count.
If a player receives two flagrant 1 fouls in the same game, then that action results in an automatic ejection.
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Excessive contact
In the NBA, a flagrant foul 1 (FF1) is deemed unnecessary contact that does not warrant ejection, whereas a flagrant foul 2 (FF2) is considered both unnecessary and excessive, involving more severe contact that typically results in ejection. The penalty for a flagrant 1 in the NBA is two free throws for the opposing team, who also retain possession of the ball. The player committing the foul is penalized, and the foul counts towards their personal and team foul count. If a player receives two flagrant 1 fouls in the same game, this results in automatic ejection.
In the WNBA, a flagrant 1 is defined as unnecessary contact committed against a player, with or without the ball. The penalty is similar to the NBA, with two free throws for the player who is the object of the foul, and possession of the ball awarded to their team. A player who commits two flagrant 1 fouls in the same game is automatically disqualified.
In men's college basketball, a flagrant 2 foul is deemed to be not only excessive but also severe and/or dangerous while the ball is live, and can include hard contact to an opponent's head area.
In women's basketball, an unsportsmanlike foul (equivalent to a flagrant 1) includes excessive or severe contact during a live ball, such as a player "swinging an elbow and making illegal, non-excessive contact with an opponent above the shoulders".
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Personal fouls
The National Basketball Association (NBA) has established specific rules regarding personal fouls to maintain fair play and ensure the safety of the players. In the NBA, a player who commits their sixth personal foul in a single game is disqualified for the remainder of the game. This rule encourages players to be mindful of their physical interactions and maintain control of their bodies at all times.
Flagrant fouls are a type of personal foul that involves excessive or violent contact beyond the normal scope of physical gameplay. They are further categorized into two types: Flagrant 1 and Flagrant 2. A Flagrant 1 foul, also known as an unsportsmanlike foul, involves unnecessary contact that is not severe enough to warrant an ejection. This can include actions like swinging an elbow and making illegal but non-excessive contact above the opponent's shoulders. The penalty for a Flagrant 1 foul typically includes two free throws for the opposing team and retention of ball possession.
On the other hand, a Flagrant 2 foul is considered both unnecessary and excessive, involving more severe contact. This type of foul often leads to the ejection of the offending player from the game and can impact their eligibility for subsequent games. The penalty for a Flagrant 2 foul also includes two free throws for the non-offending team, and they gain possession of the ball.
Understanding the nuances of personal fouls and their variations, such as flagrant fouls, is crucial for players, coaches, referees, and fans alike. These rules underscore the sport's commitment to fairness, respect, and player safety, ensuring that basketball games remain competitive and safe environments for all participants.
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Suspensions and ejections
In the NBA, a Flagrant 1 foul does not result in the offender's ejection, unless the same player commits a second Flagrant 1 foul in the same game. This is similar to a yellow card in other sports. However, a Flagrant 2 foul results in an immediate ejection, comparable to a red card.
In the WNBA, a player who commits two flagrant fouls in the same game will be automatically ejected. FIBA's unsportsmanlike foul (comparable to a Flagrant 1) also results in automatic ejection if a player commits two in one game or one unsportsmanlike and one technical foul.
During the NBA regular season, accumulating more than five penalty points results in an automatic suspension. In the NBA Playoffs, suspensions of one or two games are given for every penalty point a player accrues above three. For example, a player will serve a one-game suspension every time they accrue at least three flagrant foul points in the playoffs (one Flagrant 1 foul accrues one point).
The penalty for a Flagrant 1 foul includes two free throws for the opposing team and retention of possession.
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