Ayrton Oneill
In basketball, fouls that do not result in free throws include double fouls, where two players on opposing teams commit a foul simultaneously, and offensive fouls, which occur when a player on the offensive team commits a violation. In addition, not all unsportsmanlike conduct results in free throws; for example, cursing at an official may be considered a technical foul but will not result in a free throw. Flagrant fouls, which are deemed unnecessary or excessive by referees, may also not result in free throws depending on the league and the severity of the foul.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Double fouls | Don't result in free throws |
| Offensive fouls | Don't result in free throws |
| Personal fouls during a successful field goal attempt or free throw | Don't result in additional free throws |
| Technical fouls | Can result in free throws, but only in certain circumstances |
| Flagrant fouls | Can result in free throws, but only in certain circumstances |
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What You'll Learn
Double fouls
In basketball, double fouls refer to situations where two opposing players commit fouls simultaneously. In the event of a double foul, no free throws are awarded, regardless of whether the fouls are personal or technical in nature.
When a double foul occurs, the team that had possession of the ball at the time of the infraction retains possession. Play is then resumed on the sideline, at the spot closest to where the game was interrupted, but no nearer to the baseline than the free-throw line. If the double foul occurs on a successful field goal or free throw attempt, the team that was scored upon will inbound the ball at the baseline.
In the specific case where a double foul results from differing opinions among officials, no points are scored. Instead, play is resumed with a jump ball at the centre circle between any two opponents on the court at that time, with no substitutes allowed to participate in the jump ball.
It is important to note that while double personal fouls are counted towards a player's individual total, they are not included in the team's total foul count.
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Offensive fouls
In basketball, free throws are unopposed attempts to score points by shooting from behind the free-throw line. They are awarded when a player is fouled by an opponent, as well as in other situations like technical fouls and when the fouling team enters a bonus or penalty situation. The number of free throws awarded can vary depending on the situation, with players potentially receiving between one and three attempts.
Now, let's delve into specific examples of offensive fouls that do not result in free throws:
Charging Fouls: One of the most common offensive fouls that does not result in free throws is the charging foul. This occurs when an offensive player charges into a defender without establishing a legal guarding position. To avoid a charging foul, the offensive player must ensure they have their body in a normal stance and do not extend their hands, arms, legs, or knees abnormally to initiate contact with the defender.
Illegal Picks/Screens: An offensive player commits an illegal pick or screen when they stick out a limb and make physical contact with a defender to block their path. This is considered an offensive foul as it impedes the defender's movement and provides an unfair advantage to the offending team.
Hanging on the Rim: In some basketball leagues, hanging on the rim after a dunk or layup is considered an offensive foul. This violation is classified as a technical foul and results in the opposing team being awarded possession of the ball.
Violent Conduct: Any violent or unsportsmanlike conduct, such as hitting, kicking, or punching an opponent, is classified as a flagrant foul. These fouls are often penalized severely and may result in ejection from the game. However, they typically do not result in free throws for the opposing team.
It's important to note that the rules regarding free throws and offensive fouls may vary slightly between different basketball organizations, such as the NBA, WNBA, FIBA, and NCAA. Each organization has its own specific guidelines and thresholds for awarding free throws.
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Technical fouls
Delay of Game
If a player or coach delays the game, they will usually receive an initial warning. Any subsequent delays will result in a technical foul. This includes attempting to stop the ball from being put into play immediately or interfering with the ball after a successful field goal or free throw.
Unsportsmanlike Conduct
Unsportsmanlike conduct, such as cursing or blaspheming an official, running tirades, continuous criticism, or griping, can result in a technical foul. Excessive misconduct can lead to ejection from the game.
Number of Players on the Court
If a team has less than five or more than six players on the court when the ball is alive, it results in a technical foul.
Fighting and Dead Ball Contact
If a player, coach, or bench personnel engages in a fight or makes unsportsmanlike contact with an opponent when the ball is dead, it is considered a technical foul.
Flopping
If a player fakes being fouled, also known as flopping, to influence the official into calling a foul on an opponent, it can result in a technical foul.
Excessive Timeouts
Requesting an excessive number of timeouts beyond what is authorized will result in a technical foul.
It's important to note that technical fouls are assessed without delay whenever necessary. However, they are avoided whenever possible, and once a player has been ejected or the game is over, technical fouls cannot be assessed, regardless of provocation. Additionally, no free throw attempts are awarded in the case of double technical fouls, where two technical fouls are called on two opponents simultaneously.
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Flagrant fouls
The NBA and other major basketball leagues classify flagrant fouls into two categories:
Flagrant 1:
Also known as a flagrant foul penalty 1, this type of foul occurs when a player commits illegal contact against an opponent, with or without possession of the basketball, that is deemed unnecessary but not excessive. An example of this would be when a defender attempts to block a shot but hits the shooter in the head during their follow-through. The opposing team is awarded two free throws and possession of the ball. If a player receives two flagrant 1 fouls in the same game, they will be ejected.
Flagrant 2:
Also referred to as flagrant foul penalty 2, this type of foul involves unnecessary and excessive contact. These fouls are considered more serious and often stem from dangerous or retaliatory behaviour. The offending player is automatically ejected, and the opposing team receives two free throws and possession. An example of a flagrant 2 foul is when a defensive player deliberately winds up their arm before making contact with an opponent's head area.
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Personal fouls during a successful field goal attempt
Personal fouls committed during a successful field goal attempt or free throw, which result in one free throw attempt being awarded, will not result in an additional free throw attempt. A maximum of three points may be scored by the same team on a successful two-point field goal attempt, and a maximum of four points may be scored on a successful three-point field goal attempt.
In the NBA, a player shall not hold, push, charge into, or impede the progress of an opponent by extending a hand, arm, leg, or knee, or by bending the body into an unnatural position. Contact that results in the rerouting of an opponent is a foul and must be called immediately. However, contact initiated by the defensive player guarding a player with the ball is not considered a foul.
In NCAA men's basketball, beginning with the seventh foul of the half, one free throw is awarded. If the player makes this free throw, another is given, which is called shooting a "one-and-one". Starting with the tenth foul of the half, two free throws are awarded.
In NCAA women's basketball, the limit is four fouls per quarter. Starting with the fifth foul (fourth in overtime), or the second in the final two minutes if the team has fewer than five fouls, the opposing team gets two free throws.
If the offended player is disqualified or unable to attempt the awarded free throw, their coach shall designate an eligible substitute from the bench. This substitute will attempt the free throw and cannot be removed until the ball is legally touched by a player on the court.
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Frequently asked questions
No, double fouls do not result in free throws or turnovers. They add to a player's individual foul count but not the team's total.
An offensive foul is when a player with the ball limits the movement of a defender. This includes holding, pushing, charging into, or using an arm, leg, or knee to impede their progress. Offensive fouls never result in free throws.
Not always. Technical fouls are usually given for unsportsmanlike conduct, such as physical or verbal abuse towards a referee. While technical fouls often result in free throws, they can also lead to ejection from the game without free throws being awarded.
A flagrant foul is any foul deemed unnecessary or excessive by the referee, such as swinging an elbow at an opponent's face. These fouls can result in ejections and fines, but they do not always lead to free throws.
No, only certain types of fouls result in free throws. These include personal, technical, team, and flagrant fouls. The specific rules regarding free throws vary across different basketball leagues.
