Kristian Ferrell
PPR, or Pure Point Rating, is an individual statistic designed to measure a basketball player's passing and ball-handling ability. It was developed by ESPN's John Hollinger to address the shortcomings of the commonly used Assist-to-Turnover ratio in evaluating a player's performance. PPR provides a single numeric representation of a player's ability to handle the ball and create positive shot opportunities for their teammates, taking into account assists, turnovers, league pace, and minutes played.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Full Form | Pure Point Rating |
| Developed by | John Hollinger |
| Formula | PPR = 100 x (League Pace / Team Pace) x ([(Assists x 2/3) - Turnovers] / Minutes) |
| Calculation | Takes into account positive results like field goals, free throws, 3-pointers, assists, rebounds, blocks, and steals and negative results like missed shots, turnovers, and personal fouls |
| League Average | 15.00 |
| Other Similar Ratings | PIR, PER, OWS, DWS, WS |
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What You'll Learn
Pure Point Rating formula
Pure Point Rating (PPR) is a statistic designed to measure a player's passing and ball-handling ability in basketball. It was developed by ESPN's John Hollinger. PPR combines several features: assists, turnover, pace, and minutes played.
The formula for calculating PPR is as follows:
> PPR = 100 x (League Pace / Team Pace) x ([(Assists x 2/3) – Turnovers] / Minutes)
Hollinger explains the rationale behind the formula as follows:
> First, it adjusts for the fact that assists do less good than turnovers do harm by multiplying assists by two-thirds. There’s a factual basis in this. As I noted in a recent column, of the three acts of creating the basket (getting open, making the pass and making the shot), the passer does one. So we give him one-third of the credit of a 2-point basket, or about two-thirds of a point. Since turnovers cost almost exactly one point (teams average about 1.02 points per possession), we needn’t make any adjustments to that part of the equation. The second adjustment is measuring productivity, to avoid the Player A vs. Player B situation above. The way to do this is to sum a player’s accomplishments on a per-minute basis, then adjust them for his team’s pace.
PPR is a useful metric for comparing players' abilities and performance, regardless of position or minutes played. It provides a single numerical representation of a player's ability to handle the ball and create positive shot opportunities for their teammates.
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Assists and turnovers
PPR, or Pure Point Rating, is a statistic used in basketball to evaluate a player's performance, specifically in terms of their ability to create scoring opportunities for their team while minimising turnovers. It is calculated using the formula: PPR = 100 x (League Pace / Team Pace) x ([(Assists x 2/3) - Turnovers] / Minutes).
On the other hand, turnovers refer to the number of times a player loses possession of the ball to the opposing team. This can happen through mistakes such as errant passes, dribbling violations, or having the ball stolen by a defensive player. Turnovers are detrimental to a team's performance as they give the opposition an opportunity to score. Minimising turnovers is important for maintaining possession and controlling the flow of the game.
The PPR formula weighs assists and turnovers against each other to evaluate a player's overall impact on their team's offence. Assists are given a higher value, with each assist counting as two-thirds of a point. This reflects the positive impact of creating a scoring opportunity. Turnovers, on the other hand, represent negative plays that disrupt the team's offence. By subtracting the number of turnovers from the adjusted assist value, the formula assesses a player's ability to generate positive outcomes while limiting mistakes.
It is important to note that while PPR provides insight into a player's performance, it primarily focuses on their offensive contributions. Other aspects of the game, such as defence and rebounding, are not directly considered in the PPR calculation. Therefore, it should be analysed alongside other basketball metrics and statistical tools to gain a comprehensive understanding of a player's all-around abilities and impact on the court.
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League and team pace
Pace is an important statistic in basketball that can give observers a clear picture of a team's style of play. It is calculated using the formula: Pace Factor = Minutes per Game x ((Team Possessions + Opponent Possessions) ÷ (2 x (Team Minutes Played ÷ 5))). A possession is defined as a team having offensive control of the ball, ending when they score, lose the ball, or commit a foul or violation. The Pace Factor is calculated for the average number of possessions over 48 minutes in the NBA, and 40 minutes in the WNBA, FIBA, and NCAA.
For example, a Pace Factor of 100 indicates that there were a total of 100 possessions in the game, with 50 possessions for each team. The Pace Factor can also be calculated for individual players, giving an indication of the number of opportunities they get per game.
In the NBA, the pace that a team records in a season is the average of the league average pace and that team's innate pace. For instance, if the league average pace is 95.8, and one team has an average pace of 91, while the other has an average pace of 95.8, we would expect the game between them to be played at a pace of 91. This is because each team's pace will influence the other, and the game pace will be the average of the two teams' paces.
Some teams are known for playing at a slower pace, such as the Syracuse Orange, who play a defensive strategy that makes opponents work hard for each point. On the other hand, teams like Duke and North Carolina tend to play at a much faster pace, with athletic players who can keep up with a high-scoring, back-and-forth game.
While many believe that controlling the pace can help win games, especially when older, slower teams face younger, more athletic teams, the data does not always support this claim. For example, in the 2019 NBA season, the Atlanta Hawks had the fastest pace, with around 103 possessions per 48 minutes, but there was no significant difference in their win rate compared to what would be expected if pace didn't matter.
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Passing and ballhandling ability
PPR, or Pure Point Rating, is an individual statistic designed to measure a player's passing and ballhandling ability. It was developed by ESPN's John Hollinger, who was frustrated by the common Assist to Turnover ratio, which provides an inaccurate picture of a player's ability. PPR creates a single numeric representation of a player's ability to handle the ball and create positive shot opportunities for their teammates.
Passing is the most basic collective interaction in basketball and, after shooting, it is the second most common technical action used in the game. During the offence, players must keep possession of the ball and work together to create the best shooting options to increase their effectiveness.
Ballhandling is a crucial skill for players to develop, and it can be improved by using a reduced-mass ball to facilitate better ball handling in younger players. This approach has been shown to increase passes and pass receptions compared to using a standard ball.
PPR is calculated using the following formula:
> Pure Point Rating = 100 x (League Pace / Team Pace) x ([(Assists x 2/3) – Turnovers] / Minutes)
This formula takes into account the pace of the league and the team, as well as the player's assists, turnovers, and minutes played, to provide a more accurate representation of their passing and ballhandling ability.
By using PPR, coaches and analysts can gain a deeper understanding of a player's ability to handle the ball and create opportunities for their team, moving beyond traditional counting statistics that may not fully capture a player's value.
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Developed by ESPN's John Hollinger
Player Efficiency Rating (PER) is a statistical rating created by ESPN's John Hollinger, which attempts to encapsulate an NBA player's overall performance per minute into a single number relative to the rest of the league. It is a series of terms (some positive, some negative) that are added together, resulting in a number that represents a player's contribution to their team.
Hollinger developed a system that rates every player's statistical performance using a detailed formula. PER strives to measure a player's per-minute performance while adjusting for pace. The league-average PER is always 15.00, which permits comparisons of player performance across seasons.
PER takes into account positive results, including field goals, free throws, 3-pointers, assists, rebounds, blocks, and steals, and negative results, including missed shots, turnovers, and personal fouls. The formula adds positive stats and subtracts negative ones through a statistical point value system. The rating for each player is then adjusted to a per-minute basis, allowing for comparisons between substitutes and starters.
Hollinger's work was influenced by sabermetric baseball analysts like Bill James, who observed that traditional counting statistics in baseball, like runs batted in and wins, are not reliable indicators of a player's value. Hollinger extended this critique to basketball, noting that a player's opportunities to accumulate statistics depend on playing time and the pace of the game. While PER primarily measures offensive performance, it also incorporates defensive statistics like blocks and steals, acknowledging that these may not fully capture a player's defensive abilities.
PER has been used to compare players across different generations, such as Michael Jordan and LeBron James, although some argue that such comparisons are flawed due to rule changes and differences in statistical data collection over time.
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Frequently asked questions
PPR stands for Pure Point Rating.
PPR is calculated using the following formula: PPR = 100 x (League Pace / Team Pace) x ([(Assists x 2/3) – Turnovers] / Minutes).
PPR measures a player's passing and ballhandling ability. It combines several features, including assists, turnovers, pace, and minutes played.
PPR was created by ESPN's John Hollinger.
John Hollinger created the PPR statistic due to the frustration with the inaccurate assessment of a player's ability through the commonly used Assist to Turnover ratio.
