Ayrton Oneill
Badminton is a fast-paced racquet sport played both recreationally and competitively. The aim of the game is to score points by hitting a shuttlecock over a net and into your opponent's court. The scoring system in badminton has evolved over the years, with the original system dating back to 1873. Today, the scoring system used in competitive badminton is the 3 x 21 rally point system, where players score a point during a rally, regardless of who served. To win a game, a player must reach 21 points, winning by at least two points. If the game reaches 29-29, the player who scores the 30th point wins. Matches are played as the best of three games.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Scoring System | Rally point system |
| Points to Win | 21 points |
| Scoring Cap | 30 points |
| Match Format | Best of three games |
| Scoring Announcement | Before each serve |
| Service Courts | Right-hand court for even points, left for odd points |
| Service Rules | Underarm serve below waist height |
| Shuttlecock Height | Below 1.15 metres from the court surface |
| Rest Periods | 90 seconds after the first game, 5 minutes after the second |
| Number of Officials | Singles: 6, Doubles: 8 |
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Scoring rules
The scoring rules in badminton have evolved over the years to make the sport more appealing for viewers and broadcasters. The original scoring system dates back to as early as 1873.
The Traditional Scoring System
In the traditional scoring system, a match or rubber is decided by the best of three games. Each game is played to 15 points in men's singles and any doubles games. In ladies' singles, a game is played up to 11 points. The traditional system also allows for a single game to determine a match, in which case, the game is played up to 21 points. The first service is usually determined by the equivalent of a coin toss, with the shuttle dropped on top of the net and the server appointed by the direction it points to when it falls. Thereafter, a rally has to be won for service to change or a point to be won. In singles, if the server loses a rally, the service is transferred to the opponent. If the server wins, their score is increased by one point.
The Modern Scoring System
Since 2006, international badminton competitions have used the 3 x 21 rally point system, endorsed by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). In competitive adult matches, all games are played to the best of three games, with each game played up to 21 points. A player must win by two clear points, so if the game is tied at 20-20, the first player to gain a 2-point lead wins. If the score reaches 29-29, the player who scores the 30th point wins. This scoring system replaced the previous format, where games were played to 15 points, and ladies' singles matches had a lower points limit than men's singles and doubles.
Scoring a Point
A point is scored when the shuttlecock lands inside the opponent's court, and a player wins a rally when the opponent fails to return the shuttlecock, and it lands inside the court. The shuttlecock must be hit diagonally over the net and across the court in an underarm serve below the server's waist height. The whole of the shuttle should be below 1.15 metres from the surface of the court when hit by the server, with the racquet shaft pointing downwards. The shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce. After a point is won, the winning player or pair moves to the opposite serving stations for the next point. During a point, a player can return the shuttlecock from inside or outside the court, but they cannot touch the net with any part of their body or racquet.
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Scoring history
The scoring system in badminton has evolved over the years. The original scoring system dates back to as early as 1873. In the traditional system, a match or rubber is decided by the best of three games. Each game is played to 15 points in men's singles and any doubles games, and to 11 points in ladies' singles. The traditional system also allows for a single game to determine a match, in which case the game is played to 21 points.
In 2002, the International Badminton Federation (IBF), now known as the Badminton World Federation (BWF), decided to experiment with a new scoring system to improve the commercial and broadcasting appeal of the sport. The new system shortened games to seven points and decided matches by the best of five games.
In 2006, the IBF adopted a new scoring system, in which international competitions would use the 3 x 21 rally point system. This system allows both players to score a point during a rally, regardless of who served. In competitive adult matches, all games are played to the best of three games, with each game played up to 21 points. If the game is tied at 20-20, the player or pair must win by two clear points. If the score reaches 29-29, the first player or pair to score the 30th point wins the game.
The scoring system is the same for both singles and doubles games. In singles, the server stands in the right service court when their score is even and in the left court when their score is odd. In doubles, the server starts on the right-hand side and keeps serving, alternating sides with their teammate as long as they keep winning points. If the receiving side takes the point, they assume the serve.
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Scoring announcements
Announcing the Score
Before serving the shuttlecock, it is essential to announce the score of the game. This is done by calling out your total points followed by your opponent's total points. For example, at the start of the game, the correct announcement would be "zero to zero". The opponent, when it is their turn to serve, will announce the score in the same manner, stating their score first.
Serving Sides
The serving side is determined by the number of points a player or team has. If the score is an even number, the serve is done from the right-hand service court, also known as the "even service court". If the score is odd, the serve is from the left service court. For instance, if a player has 3 points and serves from the left court, upon winning a point and accumulating 4 points, they will switch to the right service court.
Scoring a Point
A point is scored when the shuttlecock lands inside the opponent's court. If the shuttlecock hits the net or lands outside the court, the player loses the point. The player or team that wins a rally adds a point to their score and serves first in the next game. It is important to note that the rules do not allow second serves, and a player cannot hit the shuttlecock twice.
Winning the Game
In competitive adult matches, games are played to the best of three. To win a game, a player or team must reach 21 points with a lead of at least two points. If the game reaches a tie at 20-20, the winner is the first player or team to gain a two-point lead. Interestingly, if the score reaches 29-29, the game continues until one side scores the 30th point and wins.
Rest Periods
It is also worth noting that a badminton game includes two rest periods: a 90-second rest after the first game and a 5-minute rest after the second game.
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Scoring courts
The badminton scoring system has undergone several changes since the sport's inception. The original scoring system dates back to 1873, with matches decided by the best of three games. In men's singles and doubles, each game was played up to 15 points, while ladies' singles games were played up to 11 points. Alternatively, a match could be determined by a single game played up to 21 points.
In 2002, the International Badminton Federation (later renamed the Badminton World Federation, or BWF) sought to improve the sport's commercial and broadcasting appeal by experimenting with different scoring systems. One such experiment in 2005 involved shortening games to seven points and deciding matches by the best of five games. However, this system was abandoned due to similar match times.
In August 2006, the BWF adopted a new scoring system, known as the rally point system or the 3 x 21 system. This system applies to international competitions and competitive adult matches. Under this format, matches are still decided by the best of three games, with each game played up to 21 points. Crucially, players can now score a point during a rally, regardless of who served. To win a game, a player must reach 21 points and lead by at least two points. If the game reaches 29-29, the first player to score the 30th point wins.
The service court in badminton also plays a role in scoring. Before serving the shuttlecock, players must announce the score, stating their points followed by their opponent's. The server's position on the right or left service court is determined by whether their score is an even or odd number. For instance, if a player has an even number of points, they serve from the right-hand service court, also known as the "even service court." After winning a point, players move to the opposite service court for the next point.
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Scoring a match
Scoring in badminton can be quite complex, with various scoring systems developed throughout the sport's history. The current scoring system, adopted in 2006, is a rally point system that allows both players to score a point during a rally, regardless of who served. In competitive adult matches, games are played as the best of three, with each game played to 21 points. A player must win by two clear points, meaning if the game is tied at 20-20, they must be the first to reach 22 points. If the score reaches 29-29, the first player to score the 30th point wins the game.
To score a point, a player must win a rally by hitting the shuttlecock over the net and into their opponent's court, ensuring their opponent cannot return it. A legal serve must be hit diagonally over the net, underarm, and below the server's waist height. The whole of the shuttle should be below 1.15 metres from the court's surface when hit, with the racquet shaft pointing downwards. The shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce, and players cannot touch the net with any part of their body or racquet. After a point is won, players move to the opposite serving stations, serving from the right-hand court for an even number of points and the left court for an odd number. It is also important to announce the score before each serve, starting with your total points, and then your opponent's. For example, at the start of the game, you would say "zero to zero".
In the past, badminton scoring systems varied. Historically, a match was decided by the best of three games, with men's singles and doubles games played to 15 points, and ladies' singles to 11 points. In some cases, a single game to 21 points could also determine a match. In 2002, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) experimented with a new scoring system to improve the commercial and broadcasting appeal of the sport, as matches were often lengthy and unpredictable in duration. This new system shortened games to seven points and decided matches by the best of five games. However, this was soon abandoned and replaced by a modified version of the traditional scoring system.
Today, the scoring system is standardised, with the 3 x 21 rally point system endorsed by the Badminton World Federation (formerly the IBF) as the preferred scoring system for international competition.
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Frequently asked questions
Since 2006, the scoring system endorsed by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) has been the 3 x 21 rally point system. This means that a match consists of the best of three games, with each game played up to 21 points.
To win a badminton game, a player must reach 21 points. If the game is tied at 20-20, a player must win by two clear points. If the score reaches 29-29, the player who scores the 30th point wins.
A point is scored when the shuttlecock lands inside the opponent's court, and the opponent fails to return it. A player can also earn a point if their opponent performs a badminton foul.
It is important to say the score out loud before each serve. Start with your points, followed by your opponent's. For example, "3-4". If you have an even number of points, serve from the right-hand service court. If you have an odd number, serve from the left.
A badminton match typically consists of the best of three games, with each game lasting up to 21 points. However, if the game is close and the score reaches 20-20, it can extend to 30 points. Therefore, a badminton match can last between 21 and 60 points in total.
