Saoirse Downs
There are many different types of shots in basketball, each with its own unique form and technique. These include the jump shot, layup, dunk, free throw, pull-up, three-point shot, and more. Each shot has specific mechanics that involve different parts of the body, such as the legs, arms, wrists, and fingers, and require varying levels of athleticism and technical ability. Given the diversity of shots and their execution, it is worth exploring whether players should adopt two distinct shot forms to maximise their scoring potential in different game situations.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of shot types | 22 |
| Types of shots | Jump shot, three-point shot, dunk, free throw, layup, pull-up, bank shot, hook shot, and more |
| Shooting techniques | Non-borrowed-force shooting, soft hand shooting, hard hand shooting, shooting from the shoulder |
| Shooting tips | Square your shoulders to the basket, place your feet shoulder-width apart, bend your knees, jump with the opposite foot to your shooting hand, keep your eyes on the rims |
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What You'll Learn
Jump shots
To execute a jump shot, the player must take a wide stance, usually with their feet shoulder-width apart, bend their knees, and square their shoulders to the basket. The shooting hand should be cocked onto the ball, with the shooting arm bent at an angle between 45 and 90 degrees, and the elbow straight and in line with the rim to keep the ball on target. The player then jumps, using their legs and core to generate power, and releases the ball at the peak of their vertical path, flicking their wrist and pointing their fingers down to put rotation on the ball.
There are several variations of the jump shot, including the Reggie Miller-type elbow-out jump shot, the Kobe Bryant-type reachback jump shot, the Kawhi Leonard-type reachup jump shot, the Kevin Durant-type elevated-elbow-in jump shot, and Stephen Curry's one-of-a-kind sidegrip jump shot. These whole-body jump shots involve the shooting shoulder in the release, using its forward rotation as a power source and to channel the athleticism and power of the jump.
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Layups
There are several different types of layup, which can be broadly categorized into two types: the underarm and the overarm. The underarm layup, or finger roll, involves using most of the wrist and the fingers to 'lay' the ball into the net or off the board. Wilt Chamberlain was one of the early practitioners of this showy move, and it was also used by Mike Bibby and Allen Iverson. Finger rolls have evolved into many forms, including the "Around the World", which involves a complete circle around the player before the layup.
The overhand layup is similar to a jump shot but from a much closer range. Overhand layups nearly always use the backboard. Notable players who have used this move include Scottie Pippen and Karl Malone. The Reverse Layup is a type of overhand layup often used to evade a block. The shooter faces away from the basket and tosses the ball backward. This tactic was sometimes used by Michael Jordan to score against taller defenders.
It is common for players to use the two allotted steps before the layup attempt to create room for the shot. The most common form of this is the Euro-Step, which involves picking up the dribble, taking one step in one direction, and then quickly taking a step in the other direction to avoid the defender. This move relies on agility and footwork to evade larger defenders, although it is also used by some bigger players.
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Free throws
To execute a free throw, players must position themselves with both feet behind the free-throw line, either with both feet square to the line or with one foot forward in a split stance. While standing closer to the line is generally advantageous, some players like Nick Van Exel prefer to take a step or two back. Many players also have pre-shot rituals, from bouncing the ball to touching their shoes, or even more unique routines. When taking the shot, the player bends their legs to generate power, extends the ball over their head, and releases it in a form akin to a typical basketball jump shot. It's worth noting that players don't always leave the ground during a free throw.
Free throw shooting is a highly repetitive process, and consistency is key. Each player has their own style, but it's generally agreed that players over 15 years old or in high school should aim for a shooting percentage of at least 70%. In college-level basketball, players who shoot above 75% are considered good, while in the NBA, most players achieve a shooting percentage between 70% and 80%.
Practising free throws is crucial for improvement, and players should focus on both technical refinement and building confidence. While coaches often introduce pressure scenarios during practice, some argue that this approach is less effective as it doesn't accurately replicate game-time conditions. Instead, it's suggested that players work on their free throws outside of team practice and the season to truly master their technique and mental game.
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Dunking
There are two primary techniques for executing a dunk: the one-foot dunk and the two-foot dunk. The one-foot dunk is often considered the easiest and most common technique, as it allows for a quick and explosive takeoff, similar to a layup. This technique is favoured by taller, lankier players with a build similar to track and field high jumpers. However, it places significant force on a single knee, which can result in lower jumps or even knee problems for heavier or very muscular athletes.
On the other hand, the two-foot dunk is generally preferred by bigger and more muscular players. This technique relies more on sheer power than quickness and "bounce". Athletes who use this method bend their knees deeply and spend more time on the ground loading the jump, allowing them to generate more force and jump higher from a standstill. However, the additional step required makes it more challenging to execute during a game.
When learning to dunk, it is recommended to start with a one-handed dunk, as it requires less leap to touch the rim. Practising with a smaller ball, such as a tennis or volleyball, can also help with developing control and manoeuvring the ball in the air. Additionally, strengthening hip and leg muscles through exercises like squats, lunges, or weight training can improve jumping power.
Regardless of the technique chosen, ball handling is crucial to successfully completing a dunk. Players must be able to maintain full control of the ball while their arm is extended. Developing a feel for using inertia to control the ball is essential, as even a slight loss of grip can result in a missed dunk.
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Shooting form
Fundamentals of Shooting Form
The fundamentals of shooting in basketball encompass balance, shooting form, and basic shooting skills. Before attempting to shoot, it is crucial to maintain your balance. Position your feet shoulder-width apart, bend your knees slightly, and lean your back towards the basket. Square your shoulders to the basket, ensuring they are aligned with the direction of your shot.
Shooting Arm and Wrist Action
Extend your shooting arm in a straight line towards the rim, with a slight bend in the arm. Release the ball with a flick of the wrist, allowing the bottom of the ball to rotate away from you, creating backspin. Keep your wrist relaxed but pointed towards the rim during the follow-through.
Jumping Technique
Utilize your legs to generate upward force when jumping. Time your release, letting go of the ball just before reaching the peak of your jump. For right-handed shots, push off the ground with your left foot, and vice versa for left-handed shots. This technique adds power to your shot.
Follow-Through
The follow-through is a crucial aspect of shooting form. After releasing the ball, fully extend the elbow of your shooting arm and keep your hands up in the air for a moment. This extension provides stability and control to your shot.
Focus and Aim
When shooting, focus on the metal circle attached to the backboard, known as the rim, instead of following the arc of the ball. This technique helps improve accuracy. Additionally, aim for the back of the rim, ensuring your elbow on the shooting arm forms an "L" shape under the ball, with your fingers spread out to facilitate backspin.
Variations in Shooting Form
Different situations in a basketball game may call for variations in your shooting form. For instance, a "soft hand" shooting form involves relaxing your wrist and hand after releasing the shot, allowing your hand to swing up and down. This technique is suitable for long shots as it requires minimal release force. On the other hand, the "non-borrowed-force" shooting form involves generating all the shooting force from a set point, allowing you to stop your movement at any time. This technique is effective for hang jump shots and super long shots.
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Frequently asked questions
Some of the most common types of shots in basketball include the jump shot, the layup, the dunk, the free throw, the three-point shot, and the hook shot.
Different shot forms can be used depending on the situation and your playing style. For example, a jump shot is typically used for mid-range to long-range shots, while a layup is used for short-range shots. Having a variety of shots in your arsenal can make you a more versatile and unpredictable player.
The best shot form for you will depend on your individual playing style and strengths. It's important to experiment with different shot forms and techniques to find what works best for you. You can also analyze the shot forms of professional players and try to emulate their techniques.
