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In basketball, the sidelines are the lines that mark the outer boundaries of the court. When a player or the ball goes out of these boundaries, they are considered out of bounds. The rules regarding out-of-bounds calls in basketball can be quite intricate, involving player positioning, ball possession, and violations. For example, if a player is in the air, their location is determined by the last part of their foot/feet that was in contact with the floor before jumping. Similarly, if the ball touches any part of an endline or sideline, or is touched by a player standing on or touching the line, it is considered out of bounds.
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What You'll Learn
Player positioning
In basketball, there are five players on the court per team, each with distinct positions based on their strategic roles. These positions are: point guard (PG) or 1, shooting guard (SG) or 2, small forward (SF) or 3, power forward (PF) or 4, and centre (C) or 5.
The guards are typically referred to as the "back court" and the forwards and centres as the "front court". Point guards are often referred to as dribblers or playmakers, as they are good at driving and short-range shots, and can create shots for themselves and their teammates. They are also tasked with involving their teammates on offence, executing plays, and leading the team. Shooting guards are often referred to as "'wings" because of their use in common positioning tactics, and they are prolific from three-point range and long mid-range. Small forwards are considered the most versatile position, able to score, rebound, handle the ball, pass, and defend.
When a player is out of bounds, they are deemed to have touched the floor or any object on or outside a boundary. This includes the situation where a player jumps and their last point of contact with the floor was inside the court, but they then touch something outside the boundary while in the air.
During a throw-in, no player should have any part of their body over the boundary line, and teammates should not occupy positions parallel or adjacent to the baseline if an opponent desires one of those positions. The defensive player has the right to be between their opponent and the basket.
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Ball possession
In basketball, the sidelines and endlines are the lines that mark the outer boundaries of the court. When any part of the ball touches these lines or goes beyond them, or is touched by a player who is standing on or touching any part of the line, it is considered out of bounds.
When the ball goes out of bounds, it is awarded to the team that did not last touch it, regardless of which team last possessed the ball. This is called a throw-in, and the team entitled to the ball must throw it back into the court within 5 seconds from the time the player receives the ball and controls it.
If the ball goes out-of-bounds after being touched by two opponents simultaneously, or if the official is in doubt as to who last touched the ball, play is resumed by a jump ball between the two involved players in the nearest restraining circle. An exception to this rule is if the ball is interfered with by an opponent who is seated on the bench or standing on the sideline; in this case, the ball is awarded to the offended team out-of-bounds, nearest the spot of the violation.
Another exception to the out-of-bounds rule occurs during the last two minutes of the fourth period and the last two minutes of any overtime period. During these critical moments of the game, the ball may be passed anywhere on the court, including from the frontcourt to the backcourt. However, if the offensive player fails to control the ball and it goes into the backcourt, their team may not be the first to touch the ball.
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Violations
In basketball, the sidelines are the lines that mark the outer boundaries of the court. When any part of the ball or a player's body touches an endline or sideline, or if the ball is touched by a player who is standing on or touching any part of the line, it is considered out of bounds.
There are several violations that can occur in relation to being out of bounds in basketball:
Violation 1: Throw-in location
The throw-in, which occurs when the ball is given to the player entitled to it, must be released within 5 seconds from when the player receives and controls it. Before the passed ball has crossed the plane of the boundary, no player is allowed to have any part of their body over the boundary line. Teammates of the player taking the throw-in must not occupy positions parallel or adjacent to the baseline if an opponent desires one of those positions.
Violation 2: Midcourt and backcourt violations
Any ball out of bounds in a team's frontcourt or at the midcourt line cannot be passed into the backcourt. On all midcourt and backcourt violations, the ball shall be awarded to the opposing team at the midcourt line, and must be passed into the frontcourt. An exception to this rule occurs during the last two minutes of the fourth period and the last two minutes of any overtime period, where the ball may be passed into the frontcourt or backcourt. However, if the ball is thrown into the frontcourt and an offensive player causes it to go into the backcourt, his team may not be the first to touch the ball.
Violation 3: Ball out of bounds
If the ball goes out of bounds due to touching a player who is on or outside a boundary, that player is responsible for causing it to go out. If a player has their hand in contact with the ball and an opponent hits that hand, causing the ball to go out of bounds, the team whose player had their hand on the ball will retain possession. If the ball is out of bounds and was last touched simultaneously by two opponents, or if the official is unsure or in doubt as to who last touched the ball, play shall be resumed by a jump ball between the two involved players in the nearest restraining circle.
Violation 4: Throw-in touching out of bounds
A throw-in that touches the floor, or any object on or outside the boundary line, or touches anything above the playing surface is a violation.
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Throw-ins
In basketball, the sidelines and endlines are the lines that mark the outer boundaries of the court. When any part of the ball or a player touches these lines or goes beyond them, they are considered "out of bounds".
The rules regarding throw-ins in basketball are as follows:
- When the ball goes out of bounds, it is awarded to the team that did not last touch it, regardless of which team last possessed the ball.
- The player entitled to the throw-in must release the ball within 5 seconds from the time they receive and control it.
- No player shall have any part of their body over the boundary line until the passed ball has crossed the plane of the boundary.
- Teammates of the player with the ball shall not occupy positions parallel or adjacent to the baseline if an opponent desires one of those positions.
- On a throw-in that goes out of bounds and is not touched by a player in the game, the ball is returned to the original throw-in spot.
- After a score, field goal, or free throw, any player from the team not credited with the score shall put the ball into play from any point out-of-bounds at the endline of the court where the point(s) were scored.
- After a free throw violation by the shooter or their teammate, the throw-in is made from out-of-bounds on either side of the free-throw line extended.
- Any ball out-of-bounds in a team's frontcourt or at the midcourt line cannot be passed into the backcourt.
- During the last two minutes of the fourth period and the last two minutes of any overtime period, the ball may be passed into the frontcourt or backcourt. However, if the ball is thrown into the frontcourt and an offensive player causes it to go into the backcourt, their team may not be the first to touch the ball.
- A throw-in that touches the floor, any object on or outside the boundary line, or anything above the playing surface is a violation.
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Fouls
In basketball, a foul occurs when a player commits an infraction such as illegal personal contact with an opponent, unsportsmanlike behaviour, or violating the game's rules. The referee decides whether a foul has occurred and assesses the penalty.
There are different types of fouls in basketball, including personal fouls, technical fouls, and team fouls. Personal fouls are committed by a player against an opponent and can result in free throws or possession of the ball for the fouled player's team. A player who commits a personal foul is typically ejected from the game after accumulating a certain number of fouls, with the limit being six in the NBA and five at lower levels.
Technical fouls, on the other hand, are assessed for unsportsmanlike conduct or violations of the rules that do not involve physical contact with an opponent. These can include delaying the game, interfering with the ball after a successful field goal, or a coach or trainer interfering with a ball that has crossed the boundary line. Technical fouls can also be assessed without prior warning and may result in ejections from the game.
Team fouls refer to the total number of fouls committed by a team during a game. If a team accumulates too many fouls, they enter a penalty situation, which gives the opposing team bonus free throws. This is known as being "in the bonus."
It's worth noting that the rules regarding fouls may vary slightly depending on the specific league or organization governing the game, such as the NBA or FIBA.
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Frequently asked questions
In basketball, if any part of the ball touches any part of an endline or sideline, or is touched by a player who is on or over the line, it is considered out of bounds.
When the ball goes out of bounds, it is awarded to the team that did not last touch it. The team that is now in possession of the ball must throw it back into the court.
A player is out of bounds when they touch the floor or any object on or outside a boundary.
The player must release the ball within 5 seconds from when they receive and control it. No player can be over the boundary line until the ball has crossed the plane of the boundary.
In sports such as American football, Canadian football, field lacrosse, and basketball, the lines marking the outer boundaries of a field are called sidelines. In rugby union, rugby league, and association football, these lines are known as touch-lines.
