Redecking Boat Docks: A Step-By-Step Guide

Redecking a boat dock is an important task that can improve the safety, durability, and aesthetics of your waterfront property. The process involves removing the existing decking material and replacing it with new boards or panels. When redecking a boat dock, it is crucial to consider factors such as durability, maintenance requirements, aesthetics, and budget. While pressure-treated wood is a classic choice, composite decking, PVC decking, and aluminum are also popular options, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The right choice depends on the specific needs, climate, water conditions, and budget of the dock owner.

Choosing the right decking material

The right decking material for your boat dock depends on several factors, including functionality, safety, durability, maintenance, aesthetics, and cost. Here are some popular options to consider:

Pressure-Treated Wood

Pressure-treated wood is a classic choice for boat docks, offering a natural look that blends seamlessly with the surrounding environment. It is typically more affordable than synthetic alternatives and can be easily customized or repaired. However, it requires regular sealing or staining to prevent rot, mould, and mildew, and it is prone to damage, including splintering, warping, or cracking, especially in harsh weather conditions. It can also become slippery when wet, posing a safety risk. Therefore, it is best suited for freshwater docks in low-traffic areas that are not exposed to harsh environmental conditions.

Composite Decking

Composite decking has gained popularity due to its low-maintenance features and eco-friendliness. It combines recycled wood fibres and plastic, resulting in a durable, rot-resistant, insect-resistant, and splinter-resistant material. Composite decking requires minimal upkeep, eliminating the need for regular sealing, staining, or painting. It provides a slip-resistant surface, making it safer for wet environments. However, composite decking has a higher upfront cost than pressure-treated wood, and it can get hot in direct sunlight, making it uncomfortable to walk on during the summer months. The colour options are also limited, and the colours may fade over time due to prolonged UV exposure. Composite decking is ideal for homeowners and marina operators seeking a sustainable, long-lasting, and low-maintenance option in both saltwater and freshwater environments.

PVC (Vinyl) Decking

PVC decking is a fully synthetic option that is perfect for docks exposed to harsh saltwater conditions as it is 100% waterproof and resistant to water damage and mould growth. It is lightweight, durable, and easy to handle during installation. PVC decking requires minimal maintenance, needing only occasional cleaning. However, it is among the most expensive dock flooring options and lacks the warmth and texture of natural wood. It can also feel uncomfortable underfoot, which may be a consideration for those who enjoy walking barefoot on their dock. PVC decking is best suited for commercial docks, saltwater locations, and areas with extreme weather conditions where durability is a top priority.

Aluminum Decking

Aluminum decking is the top choice for strength and longevity, especially in saltwater environments and heavy-use areas. It is lightweight yet strong, resistant to corrosion, and easy to install. It reflects heat, staying cooler than wood or composite materials, even under intense sunlight. However, aluminum decking has a higher upfront cost than wood or composite materials, and it has limited design options, typically featuring an industrial look that may not suit all aesthetics. Additionally, footsteps can be louder on aluminum, especially in high-traffic areas. Aluminum decking is ideal for commercial and industrial docks, as well as high-traffic residential docks where durability and low maintenance are key priorities.

Modified Wood

Modified wood, such as Kebony, is transformed from natural softwood to a highly durable and water-resistant material. It provides the rich, natural beauty of real wood without the need for staining, and it does not heat up in the sun. Modified wood offers superior performance and durability compared to pressure-treated wood, rivalling the best tropical hardwoods. It has emerged as an ideal material for boat docks, combining functionality and aesthetics.

Dock height

When redecking a boat dock, it is important to consider the height of the dock from the water. This is referred to as the freeboard height, or the distance between the main deck of the dock and the waterline. The ideal height will depend on various factors, including the type of boat, the intended use of the dock, and the water conditions.

For rowers, a lower dock is preferable to facilitate easier and safer entrances and exits. In general, a dock that is too high may make it difficult to get to your boat, and activities such as fishing or diving off the dock may be hindered. On the other hand, a dock that is too low may result in part of it being submerged, leading to damage from harsh weather conditions.

The type of boat you own will also influence the ideal dock height. For sailboats and catamarans, taller dock posts may be required to accommodate tall masts. Yachts, on the other hand, may need reinforced docks to support their weight and size. If you have multiple boats or jet skis, ensure that there is enough space on the dock for all watercraft.

Water conditions such as wind, currents, and tides can also impact the ideal dock height. Wider docks provide better stability in high winds, while larger docks help secure boats and prevent drifting in strong currents. If you are in an area with fluctuating water levels, a floating dock may be a good option as they adjust automatically.

When determining the height of your dock, it is important to consider all relevant factors and plan accordingly. The ideal height will depend on your specific circumstances and requirements. It is recommended to consult with professionals who can ensure that your dock meets all safety and functionality standards.

Dock footer

The footer of a boat dock is an important consideration when building a custom dock. A footer is created by sinking wood posts directly into the bed of the body of water to function as a footer. This method can work well for smaller docks, but for larger docks, it is recommended to use concrete-filled PVC pipe. This will make for the most stable footers possible for your dock.

The use of wooden posts can be an easier option, but it isn't necessarily the most stable. When planning the construction of your custom dock, consider using a PVC pipe filled with concrete that will surround your posts. This will make for a more stable footer for your dock. You can use a 12-inch or an 18-inch PVC pipe for the footers. The PVC pipe will extend several inches above the water, keeping exposed wood from going under the water and helping to keep your dock from unnecessary damage.

Regardless of the material you use for your footer, you will want to sink it a minimum of 3 feet into the bed. After getting your footers firmly in place, you can then start the framing. The frame of your dock will determine how long your dock deck will last. Once the basic frame is constructed, you may also choose to install shoreline support posts.

It is important to note that the height of your dock will depend on its intended use. If your dock is too low, it can be difficult for swimmers to get out of the water safely. On the other hand, if your dock is too high, it can be challenging to get in and out of your boat. The solution is to determine the maximum waterline and plan for your beams to be just a couple of inches above this level.

Dock frame

Building a dock frame is similar to building a traditional deck frame. However, there are some key differences to consider. Firstly, it's important to determine the height of your dock. The bottom of the dock beams should be a few inches above the maximum waterline to prevent the dock from being submerged, which can cause damage. Remember to account for fluctuations in water levels and use the highest possible water level as your guide.

When constructing the frame, you'll need to create a stable foundation. While sinking wooden posts into the lake, pond, or ocean bed is an option, it may not be the most stable choice. Instead, consider using PVC pipes filled with concrete to surround and support your posts. You can use either 12-inch or 18-inch PVC pipes, ensuring they extend above the water to protect the wood from submersion. The posts are typically 8 to 10-foot 6x6s, and you can trim them to the desired height once the concrete sets.

Once you've set the footers and outer posts, you can start building the frame. Create a frame that aligns with your desired measurements, joist spacing, and shape. This frame will provide stability and help you achieve more accurate measurements than if you relied solely on the initial outer posts. After the basic frame is complete, you can add shoreline support posts for additional stability.

When designing your dock frame, consider its intended use. For example, if you plan to have furniture on the dock, you'll need to allow for additional width. If you intend to fish from the dock, you might want to incorporate a built-in bench or storage containers. If the dock will be in full sunlight, opt for light-coloured decking materials to prevent overheating. If people will be jumping off the dock, consider cantilevering the end away from the end joists to enhance safety. Additionally, if the dock is in shallow water, consider including a railing to prevent injuries.

Lastly, remember to check with your local town or municipality before beginning construction, as some areas may have specific requirements or protected statuses. While permits may not always be necessary, it's advisable to file your plans and stay informed about local ordinances.

Maintenance

The maintenance of your boat dock will depend on the type of material you choose for the decking. For example, pressure-treated wood is a classic choice for boat docks but requires regular sealing or staining to prevent rot, mould, and mildew. On the other hand, composite decking is more durable and resistant to rot, insects, and splintering, but it may get hot in direct sunlight and is more expensive.

• Clean regularly: Use a pressure washer to remove dirt, algae, and salt deposits that can accumulate over time.
• Inspect for damage: Check for loose boards, splinters, or signs of rot, especially if you have a wooden dock.
• Apply protective coatings: If you have a wooden dock, seal it annually to prevent water damage and maintain its appearance.
• Clear debris: Regularly remove leaves, branches, and other debris to prevent mould and staining.

If you opt for a composite decking material, be aware that while it is more resistant to mould, it can still grow if debris is left to accumulate. Therefore, regular cleaning is recommended.

For PVC decking, maintenance is minimal and usually only requires occasional cleaning with a mild soap and water solution.

Aluminum decking is also very durable and resistant to corrosion, even in saltwater environments. It may be noisy underfoot and have a more industrial look, but it stays cool under the sun and is easy to install.

When it comes to wood decking, the type of wood you choose will also make a difference in maintenance. For example, red cedar is a softwood that is less dense and easier to cut and drill than hardwoods. It is also naturally resistant to insects and decay due to its heartwood content. IPE hardwood, on the other hand, takes longer to grow and is more compact and dense, making it heavier and more expensive.

To maintain the appearance of your wood decking, it is recommended to power wash it annually and apply a coat of finish or stain every three to four years. If no stain or finish is used, you should still power wash the decking annually. Both IPE hardwood and red cedar softwood will weather to a silver-grey colour if left unfinished.

Frequently asked questions