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Traveling is a violation in basketball where a player takes more than a predefined number of steps while holding the ball. The number of allowable steps varies depending on the league and the specific circumstances of the play. For example, in the NBA and FIBA, a player is allowed two steps without dribbling, whereas the NCAA and NFHS only permit one step. The concept of a gather step has been introduced to clarify traveling rules and account for the increasing speed and fluidity of athletes. Understanding the rules surrounding traveling in basketball is essential for players to avoid violations and maintain possession of the ball.
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What You'll Learn
The pivot foot
In basketball, a pivot foot is a key concept for players to understand to avoid committing a travelling violation. When a player is stationary on the court, they are allowed to move one foot, as long as the other foot—the pivot foot—remains in contact with the floor. This is called pivoting, and it is a legal movement that all players must master. The pivot foot is the foot that a player uses to turn or "pivot" while holding or "controlling" a basketball.
Pivoting does not count as a step, and players are allowed to balance on the other foot if the landing foot is lifted. However, if the pivot foot is lifted and returned to the floor, dragged along the floor, or shuffled before starting a dribble, it is considered a travelling violation. The pivot foot must not slide sideways and should maintain the same height throughout the movement.
It is important to note that the choice of pivot foot depends on the situation and the player's dominant hand. Right-handed players typically use their left foot as the pivot foot, while left-handed players use their right foot. However, outside or perimeter players often use their non-dominant foot as the pivot foot when facing the basket.
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Counting steps
The concept of counting steps in basketball is an important aspect of understanding and avoiding travelling violations. Travelling is a rules violation in basketball, wherein a player takes more than a predefined number of steps while holding the ball. This rule aims to prevent players from gaining an unfair advantage by excessively moving with the ball without dribbling.
While the interpretation and enforcement of travelling rules have evolved over the years, the fundamental principle remains consistent. In the NBA and FIBA, a travelling violation is called when a player takes more than two steps without dribbling the ball. On the other hand, the NCAA and NFHS have stricter interpretations, not permitting any steps without a dribble.
It's worth noting that pivoting is not considered a step. Players are allowed to pivot using either foot, balancing on the non-pivot foot if needed. Additionally, a player who catches the ball while progressing or after a dribble is allowed two steps before coming to a stop, passing, or shooting the ball. These rules provide players with the flexibility to make dynamic movements while adhering to the restrictions on excessive steps.
In conclusion, counting steps in basketball is a crucial aspect of adhering to the rules and ensuring fair play. While the specifics may vary slightly between different basketball organizations, the fundamental principle of limiting the number of steps while holding the ball remains consistent. By understanding the gather step, pivoting rules, and step limitations, players can improve their technique, avoid violations, and enhance their overall gameplay.
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The gather step
The "gather step" in basketball is a move that has puzzled many fans and players alike. It is an additional step that a player can take after finishing their dribble. This extra step is not considered a travel violation in the NBA and FIBA but is deemed illegal in NCAA and high school basketball.
The interpretation of what constitutes a gather in these situations has sparked controversy. Many argue that certain players' moves are illegal, even under the gather step provision. This is because, at lower levels of basketball, the first foot to touch the floor after the dribble has been picked up is the pivot foot. This pivot foot can only come off the ground to release the ball and will be called a travel if it touches the ground while the player still has possession.
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Dribbling
To dribble effectively, players must use their whole hand, spreading their fingers to make contact with the top and side of the ball, while also allowing the upper part of the palm to touch it for maximum power. This technique provides better control and power compared to slapping the ball with the palm or using only the fingertips.
There are several dribbling drills that players can practice to improve their skills:
- Low dribbling: This stationary drill helps players maintain control of the ball by establishing a low center of gravity and using an intense dribbling action, sometimes called "pounding."
- Crossover dribbling: This variation of stationary dribbling involves passing the ball between the left and right hands to protect it from defenders. As skill improves, players can increase the speed of their crossovers.
- Running while dribbling: This drill focuses on building player speed while maintaining control of the dribble. It helps players master the fast break, allowing them to score before defenders get into position.
- Protective dribbling: This technique is used when squaring off against a defender to protect the ball. Players dribble with one hand while raising their non-dribbling arm to hold back the defender. This is often practiced with the back to the defender and the basket to utilize size for protection.
- Power dribbling: An advanced drill involving cutting sideways while pounding the ball into the court. This move helps players elude defenders and create space for shots or dunks. It combines proper hand placement, running while dribbling, and protective dribbling techniques.
It's important to note that dribbling rules must be followed to avoid violations. For example, a carrying violation occurs when a player fails to maintain proper control of the ball while dribbling. Understanding and adhering to the rules are crucial for all players, from beginners to professionals.
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Jumping
Exercises
Plyometric exercises are a great way to improve your jumping ability. These exercises focus on using maximum muscle energy in short intervals, emphasizing speed, explosiveness, and power. Examples of plyometric exercises include front and lateral box jumps, jump rope, jump squats, and jumping lunges. Additionally, stretching is crucial, especially for muscles like the hip flexors, which can restrict your range of motion.
Strength Training
Building strength, both general and special, is vital for jumping higher. General strength can be developed through weight room exercises such as squats, cleans, and deadlifts. Special strength focuses on explosive power. Exercises like medicine ball throws, kettlebell swings, and Olympic lifting improve the strength of the posterior chain, which includes the calves, hamstrings, glutes, and spinal erectors.
Technique
Perfecting your jumping technique is crucial. Basketball coach Ryan Tremblay recommends "hopping into your jump shot." This involves catching the ball as your non-dominant foot steps out, then bending your knees and jumping. Additionally, swinging your arms back and then forward during your penultimate step can generate more upward momentum. Focus on raising your center of mass quickly by extending your ankles, knees, and hips during takeoff.
Practice with the Ball
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Frequently asked questions
In the NBA and FIBA, taking more than two steps without dribbling is considered traveling. However, the NCAA and NFHS have stricter rules, not permitting any steps without a dribble.
The pivot foot is the foot that remains on the ground while the other foot ("landing foot") is lifted. Pivoting does not count as a step, and players are entitled to balance on the other foot. If a player shifts or moves their established pivot foot, it is deemed traveling.
A "gather step" is a concept introduced by officials to help identify traveling violations in fast-paced games. It refers to the moment when a player gathers the ball and can take two steps in any direction.
A traveling violation occurs when a player takes more steps than allowed without dribbling, lifts and returns their pivot foot to the floor, shuffles their feet before dribbling, or jumps and returns to the floor while holding the ball.
