Kristian Ferrell
Basketball is a sport that can be played in various formats, including half-court 3x3 and full-court five-a-side. In basketball, if the score is tied at the end of regulation play, the game goes into overtime, where teams play additional periods until a winner is decided. The rules and duration of overtime differ across leagues and levels of play, with the NBA, NCAA, and FIBA having their own unique overtime regulations. For example, the NBA allows two team timeouts per overtime period, while the NCAA grants a 30-second timeout in each overtime. The concept of overtime in basketball adds excitement and intensity, especially during crucial playoff games, and ensures that a winner emerges from each match.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Basketball format | 3x3, half-court, three-on-three, full-court, NBA, WNBA, NCAA, etc. |
| Overtime duration | 5 minutes (for full-court basketball), 10 minutes (for 3x3), 4 minutes (for high school varsity), half the length of a standard quarter (for levels below collegiate/Olympic play), no game clock but a shot clock (for 3x3) |
| Number of overtime periods | No limit; played until a winner is decided |
| Break between regulation and overtime | 2:30 (for local games), 3:30 (for national TV games) |
| Break between overtime periods | 1 minute (for NCAA), 2:30 (for NBA) |
| Overtime start | Jump ball (for full-court basketball, high school, NCAA, and WNBA), no jump balls (for 3x3), alternating possession (for international full-court basketball) |
| Fouls | All personal fouls carry over to overtime; common fouls charged as team fouls in excess of three will be penalized by one free throw plus a penalty free-throw attempt; each team is allowed two team timeouts |
| Overtime rules | No sudden-death provision, Elam Ending (for NBA All-Star Game from 2020 to 2023, the Canadian Elite Basketball League, and the NBA G League) |
| Overtime applicability | Applicable in competitive play, may or may not be played in exhibition games (non-competitive play) |
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What You'll Learn
Overtime periods are five minutes long
If a basketball game ends with the scores tied, the game goes into overtime. Overtime periods are five minutes long. There is no limit to the number of overtime periods, and they are played until a winner is decided. In the NBA, there are 2 minutes 30 seconds between the end of the fourth period and the start of the first overtime period. Overtime periods are considered extensions of the second half, and teams do not change baskets. Each team is allowed two timeouts per overtime period.
The timing devices are stopped during the last two minutes of overtime following a successful field goal attempt. During the last two minutes of overtime, the ball may be passed anywhere on the court during inbound plays. The first three common fouls committed by a team in an overtime period will result in the ball being awarded to the opposing team on the sideline nearest to where play was interrupted. Fouls in excess of three will be penalised by one free throw plus a penalty free-throw attempt. If a team has not committed three fouls during the first three minutes of overtime, it is permitted to incur one team foul during the last two minutes without penalty.
In NCAA college basketball, there is a one-minute intermission before each extra period. Teams receive a 30-second timeout in each overtime, in addition to any timeouts from regulation time. Fouls accumulated during regulation carry over to overtime. Players who foul out during regulation are not allowed to return for overtime. Once a team reaches 10 fouls, whether in the second half or overtime, its opponent will shoot two free throws on fouls for the rest of the game.
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Each team gets two timeouts
In the NBA, each team is allowed two timeouts per overtime period. Previously, teams were allowed three timeouts. These timeouts are in addition to any unused timeouts from regulation.
There are two types of timeouts in the NBA: charged timeouts and mandatory timeouts. Each team is entitled to seven charged timeouts during regulation play, and each team is limited to no more than four timeouts in the fourth period. Mandatory timeouts are taken by the official scorer at specific times during the game, such as when neither team has taken a timeout prior to a certain amount of time left in the period.
During the last two minutes of any overtime period, the ball may be passed anywhere on the court during inbound plays. If a timeout is charged to the offensive team during the last two minutes of the fourth period or overtime, the team may choose to put the ball into play at the 28' hash mark in the frontcourt or at the designated spot out-of-bounds upon resumption of play.
The number of timeouts allowed in overtime may vary depending on the league and level of play. For example, in NCAA college basketball, teams receive a 30-second timeout in each overtime, in addition to any timeouts remaining from regulation.
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Fouls carry over
In basketball, fouls carry over from regulation to overtime. This applies to both team fouls and individual player fouls.
In the NBA, each team is allowed four fouls per overtime period. The first three common fouls committed by a team result in the ball being awarded to the opposing team on the sideline nearest to where play was interrupted. The fourth foul and any subsequent fouls result in one free throw and a penalty free-throw attempt for the opposing team.
If a team has not committed three fouls during the first three minutes of overtime, it is allowed to incur one team foul during the last two minutes without penalty. During the final two minutes of overtime, the ball may be passed anywhere on the court during inbound plays.
In NCAA basketball, once a team reaches 10 fouls, whether in the second half or overtime, its opponent will shoot two free throws on fouls for the rest of the game, including during any overtime periods. Players who foul out during regulation are not allowed to return for overtime.
In 3x3 basketball, individual personal foul counts are not kept. All fouls are recorded against the team, and team fouls carry over to overtime.
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Jump ball starts overtime
In basketball, if the score is tied at the end of regulation play, the teams play multiple overtime periods of equal length until a winner is decided. In the NBA, each overtime period is five minutes long. Overtime periods in the NCAA men's and women's tournaments are also five minutes long. In high school varsity basketball, each overtime period is four minutes long.
Overtime periods in basketball always start with a jump ball. The jump ball takes place in the center circle and is used under high school and NCAA rules, with the arrow reset based on the results of the jump ball to start each overtime. The Women's National Basketball Association, which uses a quarter-possession rule to start periods after the opening jump, also uses a jump ball. In 3x3 basketball, jump balls are not used, and the team that did not get the first possession in the game gets the first possession in overtime.
During overtime periods, each team is allowed two timeouts. The first three common fouls committed by a team result in the ball being awarded to the opposing team on the sideline nearest to where play was interrupted. During any overtime period, common fouls charged as team fouls in excess of three will be penalized by one free throw plus a penalty free-throw attempt. If a team has not committed three team fouls during the first three minutes of any overtime period, it is permitted to incur one team foul during the last two minutes without penalty. During the last two minutes of any overtime period, the ball may be passed anywhere on the court during inbound plays.
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No sudden-death provision
In the NBA, if the score is tied at the end of the fourth period, teams play a five-minute overtime period. There are 130 seconds between the end of regulation and overtime, and all overtime periods are considered extensions of the second half. There is no sudden-death provision in the NBA overtime rules, meaning that teams play multiple five-minute overtime periods until a winner is decided.
Each team is allowed two timeouts per overtime period. The first three common fouls committed by a team in any overtime period will result in the ball being awarded to the opposing team on the sideline nearest to where play was interrupted. During any overtime period, common fouls charged as team fouls in excess of three will be penalised by one free throw plus a penalty free-throw attempt. If a team has not committed its quota of three team fouls during the first three minutes of any overtime period, it is permitted to incur one team foul during the last two minutes without penalty. During the last two minutes of any overtime period, the ball may be passed anywhere on the court during inbound plays.
In 3x3 basketball, a formalised version of the half-court three-on-three game, ties after a 10-minute game are settled by continuing play with no game clock (only the shot clock) until one team scores two additional points. The team that did not get the first possession in the game gets first possession in overtime.
In NCAA basketball, overtime lasts for 5 minutes, and there is no limit to the number of 5-minute overtime sessions. They are played until an overtime concludes with a team leading. Teams receive a 30-second timeout in each overtime, in addition to any timeouts previously unused. Fouls accumulated during regulation carry over to overtime, and players who foul out during regulation are not allowed to return to overtime.
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Frequently asked questions
If the score is tied at the end of the fourth period, teams will play a five-minute overtime period. If the game is still tied after this, another five-minute overtime will begin. This will continue until a winner is decided.
Overtime periods in the NBA are five minutes long. Each team is allowed two timeouts and three common fouls. If the score is tied at the end of the fourth period, play will resume after a 2:30 break without a change of baskets.
All personal fouls against players are carried over to overtime for the purpose of disqualifying players. However, the number of team fouls resets.
