Kristian Ferrell
3x3 basketball is a variation of basketball played with three players on each team, one substitute, and a single hoop on a half court. It made its Olympic debut at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics for both men and women, and will return for its second appearance at the 2024 Paris Olympics. The rules of 3x3 basketball are similar to traditional basketball, with some key differences. For example, the shot clock in 3x3 is 12 seconds, and a shot inside the arc is worth one point, while a shot outside the arc is worth two points.
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What You'll Learn
Rules and scoring
3x3 basketball is a variation of basketball played with three players on each team, instead of the traditional five. Each team is allowed one substitute, who can be tagged in during a stoppage in play. The game is played on a half court, with one basket. The playing area is divided into two parts by a semi-circular arc, with the area inside the arc being the one-point zone, and the area outside being the two-point zone. The ball used in 3x3 basketball is the same weight as the official size 7 basketball, but it is slightly smaller, measuring 72.39cm in diameter.
The rules of 3x3 basketball are similar to traditional basketball, including ball-handling regulations and basic violation rules like goaltending, double dribble, and three-second rules. However, there is no fouling out for individual players, and fouls are charged to the team instead. Each team is allowed six fouls before entering the foul penalty situation, after which the opposing team will receive two free throws. Starting with the 10th team foul, the opposing team will also gain possession of the ball. If a player is fouled while shooting, they are granted one or two free throws, depending on whether they were behind the two-point arc. If they make the shot, the field goal counts, and the player receives one free throw.
The shot clock in 3x3 basketball is 12 seconds, half of the 24-second shot clock used in traditional basketball. Each team receives one 30-second timeout per game, in addition to two TV timeouts called by officials. The game is played for 10 minutes, or until a team scores 21 points, with no halftime or quarters. If the game is tied after 10 minutes, there is an overtime period, with the first team to score two points declared the winner.
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Court size
3x3 basketball is played on a half-court, with one basket. The official court size is 15 metres wide (49 feet) and 11 metres long (36 feet). This is slightly smaller than half of a traditional basketball court, which is 28m x 15m. The smaller court size means that 3x3 basketball is typically a faster-paced game than traditional basketball, with a greater focus on agility and versatility.
The court features a single hoop at one end and an end line at the other. There is a semi-circular arc drawn at a radius of 6.75 metres from the centre of the hoop, which divides the court into two zones. The area inside the arc is the one-point zone, and the area outside is the two-point zone. There is also a rectangular area under the hoop, measuring 5.8m x 4.9m, called the key, and its outer edge parallel to the baseline is the free-throw line.
The rules of 3x3 basketball were standardised in the late 2000s, and the game made its debut as an Olympic sport at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. It will return at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
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Number of players
3x3 basketball, as the name suggests, features three players on the court for each team, with one substitute allowed on the bench. This is in contrast to the five players in traditional basketball games. The substitute player can enter the game at any time during a dead ball situation by tagging an outgoing player.
The 3x3 basketball game format is promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's governing body. The 3x3 format was included in the Olympics for the first time in 2020 in Tokyo, Japan, for both men and women. 3x3 basketball will return at the Paris 2024 Olympics for its second Olympic appearance.
The rules of 3x3 basketball are slightly different from traditional basketball. For example, there is a 12-second shot clock, half of the 24-second shot clock used in traditional basketball. If the offensive team fails to take a shot before the shot clock expires, it results in a turnover. Each team receives one 30-second timeout per game, in addition to two TV timeouts per game, which are called by the officials.
Fouls are charged to the team rather than the player. Each team is allowed a total of six fouls before entering the foul penalty situation. There is no fouling out for individual players, but a player can get disqualified by committing two unsportsmanlike fouls during the game.
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History of 3x3 basketball
3x3 basketball was introduced as a cultural phenomenon in the late 1980s in the urban and semi-urban areas of the United States. It is a condensed form of traditional full-court basketball, played with three players on each team on a half-court setup with one hoop and backboard. Its popularity led to it being structured into a professional sport, with official rules sanctioned by the international basketball federation (FIBA).
In 2007, FIBA proposed to the IOC that 3x3 basketball be added to the programme of the Youth Olympic Games in Singapore in 2010, which was accepted. This marked the first official 3x3 basketball event. Following this, 3x3 basketball made its debut in the senior event at the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics, which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The IOC's Executive Board announced its decision to include 3x3 basketball in the Olympic basketball programme on 9 June 2017.
The United States women's team won gold in 3x3 basketball at the Tokyo Games, giving the country its only Olympic medal in the sport so far. Latvia won the men's gold medal, with the United States claiming the women's title.
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3x3 basketball at the 2024 Paris Olympics
3x3 basketball will return to the Olympics for its second appearance at the 2024 Paris Olympics. The Place de la Concorde, Paris' largest public square, will host the 3x3 basketball games, alongside skateboarding, BMX freestyle, and breaking. The games will take place from July 30 to August 5, 2024.
The 3x3 basketball format features three players on the court for each team, with one substitute allowed on the bench. The game is played on a half-court, measuring 15m in width and 11m in length, with a single hoop at one end. The playing area is divided into a one-point zone inside the arc and a two-point zone outside the arc. The rules are similar to traditional basketball, with ball-handling regulations and basic violation rules, but the smaller court and reduced player count result in a faster-paced game.
The shot clock in 3x3 basketball is 12 seconds, half of the 24-second shot clock in traditional basketball. Each team receives one 30-second timeout per game, in addition to two TV timeouts called by officials. Fouls are charged to the team and each team is allowed six fouls before entering the foul penalty situation. A player can be disqualified by committing two unsportsmanlike fouls, but there is no fouling out for individual players.
The US men's 3x3 team will compete in the Olympics for the first time, led by NBA veteran Jimmer Fredette. The women's team will aim to defend their gold medal from Tokyo 2020, with Dearica Hamby and Rhyne Howard among the players.
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