Protecting Your Boat: Are Pier-Style Docks The Best Option?

Boat docks are a prominent feature of waterfront properties and require regular maintenance to keep them in good condition. Docks can be permanent or removable, with the latter being floating, rolling, or modular. Permanent docks, on the other hand, are embedded securely into the ground at the shoreline and are not intended to be removed. The type of dock you choose will depend on various factors such as the shoreline characteristics, water conditions, and the type of boat you have. Pier-style docks, in particular, offer protection to boats by providing a stable structure that extends from the shore into the water, preventing damage from waves or strong currents.

Floating vs fixed piers

Floating and fixed piers are two options for boat owners to consider. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, and the best option depends on several factors, including the location, intended use, and budget.

A fixed pier is attached to pilings that are set into the sea floor. It provides a rigid surface to secure a boat and is suitable for areas with minimal tidal variation. When using a fixed pier, it is crucial to set the docklines to allow for tidal changes to avoid putting strain on the lines and cleats. Boarding and disembarking a boat on a fixed pier can also be challenging during low tide, as the pier may be set high above the boat.

On the other hand, a floating pier rises and falls with the tides, eliminating the need to adjust docklines. Floating piers are more convenient and comfortable to use, as they always remain at the same height relative to the boat. However, they rely on fixed pilings, which can be an issue during storm surges if the water level rises higher than the tops of the pilings.

In terms of cost, piers are generally built with durable materials such as wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, which can be expensive. The cost of building a fixed pier is typically higher than a floating pier due to the need for a solid foundation. Maintenance requirements also vary between the two types of piers. Floating piers may require more maintenance, while fixed piers may need periodic repairs and cleaning.

When choosing between a floating and fixed pier, it is essential to consider factors such as water depth, wave conditions, intended use, budget, and maintenance requirements. Floating piers are ideal for recreational activities and provide a stable platform for boats. Fixed piers, on the other hand, are better suited for areas with minimal tides and can provide a secure mooring for boats.

Dock maintenance

• Regular inspections and cleaning: Inspect your dock regularly for any signs of damage or deterioration, including warped planks, damaged handrails, rusty hardware, loose nails, and screws. Clean your dock at least once a year to remove debris, algae, and stains. Use a garden hose with mild, environmentally-friendly soap instead of a pressure washer, as it can chip away at the deck material and splinter the wood.
• Sand and stain your dock: If you use a pressure washer or plan to stain your dock, sanding is necessary to smooth out any damaged wood and prepare the surface for staining. Choose a marine-friendly stain designed for dock repairs, and always sand the dock before staining to ensure proper adhesion.
• Seal your dock: Apply a waterproof sealant to protect your dock from water damage, mildew, and pests. Sealants provide extra protection against UV rays and help maintain the structural integrity of the dock, especially around the joints.
• Maintain dock lines: Invest in chafe protection for dock lines to keep boats securely attached, especially during harsh winters. Replace dock lines every two to three years and consider using specific lines for wintertime.
• Cover your dock in winter: Cover your dock during the winter months, especially when you winterize your boat. Use a tarp or plastic sheet and securely fasten it to protect the wood from the elements.
• Hire a professional: Dock maintenance can be challenging, and hiring a professional is a common practice, especially for older individuals or those without proper help. Research reputable companies in your area that specialize in dock maintenance and explain your requirements to them.
• Eco-friendly practices: Opt for environmentally safe cleaning solutions to protect local ecosystems and boats docked nearby. Natural cleaners like vinegar and baking soda paste are effective and gentle on dock materials.
• Electrical maintenance: If your dock has electrical components, such as boat lifts or lights, ensure that all electrical supplies and wiring are up-to-date, tidy, and in safe working order. Do not attempt electrical repairs yourself; instead, consult a qualified technician.
• Choose suitable materials: Consider using composite materials, such as Trex, for your dock as they resist wear and tear from water exposure better than traditional wooden docks. Use galvanized or stainless steel screws for better fastening and durability.
• Protect against ice damage: In colder regions, consider using a de-icer to prevent ice formation and potential damage to your dock. Alternatively, you can opt for pier removal during the winter season and reinstall it in the spring.

Dock materials

The materials used to construct a pier or dock will depend on its intended use, location, and type. In general, most piers and docks are constructed similarly.

In British English, a dock is an enclosed body of water separated from the sea or ocean, used for trade, shipping, and associated activities. These are usually constructed with concrete or stainless steel. In contrast, a pier (or what would be called a dock in North America) is an elongated structure extending from the shore into the water. These can be made from wood, concrete, stainless steel, polymers, polymer-wood composites, or aluminum.

Wood is a good option for residential docks, but it won't stand up to commercial use. It is also vulnerable to wood rot and requires maintenance to ensure it is properly sealed. Aluminum is a popular choice for docks due to its lightweight yet durable qualities, and ability to withstand a variety of waterfront conditions. It is also used for dock accessories such as ladders and cleats. Other materials used for docks include steel, vinyl, and high-density polyethylene.

When choosing materials, it is important to consider the conditions the dock will face, and the level of maintenance required.

Dock accessories

A pier-style dock can be accessorised in a variety of ways. Here are some accessories to consider:

Protective Accessories

• Padded wraps: These are used to protect your boat and lift posts from scratches, dings, and dents during docking and launching. They are made from premium marine canvas and top-of-the-line foam that is water, UV, and mould resistant.
• Mud plates: These provide extra stability for your dock in muddy or sandy conditions. They are heavy-duty aluminium plates with turned-down edges to prevent skidding and protect your feet.
• Dori poles: These telescoping fiberglass poles with flags help keep your dock clean and free of birds and their droppings. They also add a decorative touch and make it easier for guests to find your house from the water.

Electrical Accessories

• Solar lights: Solar-powered lights can be attached to your dock poles to provide lighting for boaters at night.
• Power pedestals: These can provide electricity for various equipment such as pressure washers.

Convenience and Comfort Accessories

• Dock steps, ladders, and benches: These provide easy access to and from your dock and a place to sit and relax.
• Dockside basketball hoop: For added entertainment and fun on your dock.
• Dock boxes: Storage boxes for your dock, available in different sizes.
• Handrails: For added safety and support when walking on your dock.

Boat-Related Accessories

• Boat lift motors and accessories: To help with lifting and lowering your boat.
• Boat deck padded wraps: Similar to lift post padded wraps, these protect your boat deck from scratches and dents.
• Canoe and kayak racks and supports: For convenient storage of canoes and kayaks on your dock.

Dock weight

When it comes to dock weight, there are a few key considerations to keep in mind. Firstly, it's important to understand the difference between the maximum dock weight and the weight the dock can support. The maximum dock weight refers to the total weight of the dock itself, including the floats and any other components. On the other hand, the weight the dock can support refers to the amount of weight the dock can bear without sinking or becoming unstable.

To calculate the maximum dock weight, you need to know the length, width, and thickness of each dock float, as well as the total number of floats used. You can use the formula:

> DW = L/12*W/12*T/12 * F * 62.4

Where:

• DW = maximum dock weight (in lbs)
• L = length of each float (in inches)
• W = width of each float (in inches)
• T = thickness of each float (in inches)
• F = total number of floats

It's worth noting that this formula assumes a rectangular shape for the floats, and the result will be the weight of the water displaced by the floats, which is equal to the force they can exert.

Now, to determine the weight a dock can support, you need to consider both the dead load and the live load. The dead load is the weight of the dock itself, including all its components such as framing, decking, connections, flotation units, and any attached equipment. For residential docks made of lumber, the dead load typically falls between 10 and 15 lbs/ft². The live load, on the other hand, is the weight of the people and gear that will be on the dock. It is recommended to design the dock for approximately 40% submergence, leaving 60% of the dock's buoyancy to support the live load.

Additionally, when it comes to dock weight, it's crucial to select the appropriate capacity of a dock leveler, especially in loading dock installations. Dock levelers have both static and dynamic capacity ratings. The static capacity is the maximum weight that can be evenly distributed on the dock leveler when it is stationary. On the other hand, the dynamic capacity considers the load when the dock leveler is in motion, taking into account various factors such as forklift load, speed, and impact multipliers. Improper capacity selection can lead to structural issues and even safety hazards.

Frequently asked questions